Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...

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APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL AND COMPOSITION OF EXPOSURE ATMOSPHERES' Facility/Sponsor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Reference Gillespie, 1980; Hyde eta!., 1980; Malanchuk, 1980; Orthoefer, 1980; Stara eta!., 1980 Engine type Automobile gasoline engine Operating mode Urban cycle Fuel type Fuel sulfur Exposure regime 16 hid, 7 d/week, 68 mo. I Exposure conditions Control Non-irradiated Irradiated so,+ R+ I+ Nitrogen Nitrogen gasoline exhaust gasoline H,so. so,+ so,+ oxides oxides (R) exhaust (I) H,SO H,SO Particle cone. (mg/m 3 ) Particle size (JLm) CO,(%) CO (ppm) 4.9 97.5 ± 10.0 94.5 ± 19.6 - 98.4 ± - - - 13.8 N0 2 (ppm) 0.04 0.05 ± 0.02 0.94 ± 0.36 - 0.05 ± 0.89 ± 0.64 ± . 0.15 ± 0.03 0.36 0.12 0.33 NO (ppm) 0.04 1.45 ± 0.42 0.19 ± 0.29 - 1.51 ± 0.19 ± 0.25 ± 1.67 ± 0.44 0.29 0.06 0.21 NO, (ppm) S0 2 (ppm) 0.03 - - 0.42 ± 0.48 ± 0.42 ± - - 0.22 0.23 0.21 H 2S0 4 (ppm) - - - 0.02 ± 0.02 ± 0.03 ± - - 0.01 0.01 0.01 Oxidants 0.02 - 0.20 ± 0.09 - - 0.20 ± - - (ppm as 0) 0.08 Aliphatic aldehydes Formaldehyde (ppm) Acrolein (ppm) NH + Hydrocarbons 2.7 27.5 ± 4.4 23.9 ± 6.1 - 27.4 ± 23.9 ± - - (ppm as CH) 4.3 6.0 PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene . Nitropyrene "All ± are S.D. unless specified otherwise. 2/1198 A-18 DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
2/1198 Appendix B Alternative Model for Diesel Cancer Risk Assessment B-1 DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
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DRAFT DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Health A
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CONTENTS (continued) 2.5.1. Volatil
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CONTENTS (continued) 11.2.1. H.fl.Z
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LIST OF TABLES (continued) 2-14. Me
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PREFACE This draft health assessmen
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AUTHORS, REVIEWERS, AND CONTRIBUTOR
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l. INTRODUCTION 1 Diesel engines ar
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1 achieved by using specific solven
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Nitro-PAH• Table 2-10. Concentrat
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1 pollutants depends on the amount
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1 For the simplest alkoxy radicals,
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 H ON0
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1 conditions (Pitts et al., 1985c )
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Table 2-14. Mean particle, gas, and
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1 sample collection. There was no b
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1 of downtown Los Angeles (Arey et
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1 exposures. This is a complex ques
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1 Dunstan, TDJ; Mauldin, RF; Jinxia
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1 Lipkea, WH; DeJoode, AD; Christen
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1 Pitts, JN, Jr; Sweetman, JA; Ziel
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1 NOTE TO READERS CHAPTER3 2 Becaus
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1 volume basis (Table 4-1 ). This i
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1 Pritchard (1989), utilizing data
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1 4.3.3.3. Potential Mechanisms for
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1 not accurately reflect the actual
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1 Lee, PS; Chan, TL; Hering, WE. (1
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1 one-half units up to 3, strong (O
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Study Ulfvarson et a!. (1987) Batti
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N -,_. -\0 00 VI N ,_. 0 § I I 0 0
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1 control]). Heinrich et al. (1986a
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1 Heinrich et al. ( 1986a; see also
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1 thoracic area at subsequent times
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1 with matched controls for the num
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----- N \0 00 VI I 0'1 N tJ § I I
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1 In related studies, Navarro et al
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1 Mauderly et al. (1987b) evaluated
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1 pattern of adverse effects on res
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1 DPM concentrations) that resulted
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 Klosterkotter, W; Blinemann, G. (
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1 Misiorowski, RL; Strom, KA; Vosta
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1 Wright, ES. (1986) Effects of sho
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1 Studies showing these effects are
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1 exposure level. In the 0.3 5 mg/m
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1 to derive the RfC. The discussion
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1 The BMC values are the lower 95%
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Table 6-5. Results of benchmark con
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1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
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1 the latter, 16 were classified as
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 burdens of the NMRI mice after 12
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1 with four to seven rings), which
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1 five daily doses of2,000 f...lg.
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1 occupations. The observed absence
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1 occupations). Analysis was conduc
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1 the confined space of a truck cab
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1 The corresponding odds ratios for
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1 Approximately 20,000 miners are e
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1 bladder cancer was found in Canad
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 Kaplan, I. (1959) Relationship of
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9. MUTAGENICITY 1 Since 1978, more
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1 the presence of heritable translo
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1 9.5. REFERENCES 2 3 "Barfknecht,
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1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 inconsequential in rats relative
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1 response. cell injury, or cell pr
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1 Caution must be exercised in extr
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1 Rister, M: Baehner, RL. ( 1977) E
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1 The potency of the other diesel e
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Table 11-2. Incidence of lung tumor
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Table 11-5. Unit risk estimates per
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 to reflect the potency of several
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1 Huisingh. J; Bradow, R; Jungers,
Page 462: 1 particles are fine and ultrafine
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Page 473: 1 · some of which can be informed
Page 477 and 478: 1 For example, in a recent meta-ana
Page 479 and 480: 1 nonthreshold-mutagen driven MOA.
Page 484: 1 that their developing pulmonary a
Page 491: 1 impacts. Use of these measures re
Page 495: 2/1198 Appendix A Experimental Prot
Page 504 and 505: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 507: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 511: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 517: 1 d: Dose of organics, mg/cm 2 of l
Page 521: Table B-4. Comparison of observed t
Page 526 and 527: 1 uncertainties below). Based on th
Page 529: 1 B.lO. RFERENCES 2 3 Bohning D., A
Page 536: 1 and 2 m.(t) = (y2i - YI/exp[Ap)a/
Page 539 and 540: 1 C.l. INTRODUCTION 2 As discussed
Page 547: 1 For mouth breathing: 2 (DF)H . =
Page 552: TABLE C-1. LUNG MODEL FOR RATS AT T
Page 558: TABLE C-3. RATIO OF PULMONARY SURFA
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