Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...

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APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL AND COMPOSITION OF EXPOSURE ATMOSPHERES• Facility /Sponsor Fraunhofer Institut fur Toxikologie und Aerosol<strong>for</strong>schung Reference Heinrich et al., 1979; Meiss et al., 1981 Engine type 2.4 L Operating mode Constant load of 16 kW, 2400 rpm Fuel type European reference fuel Fuel sulfur 0.36% Exposure regime 7-8 hid, 5 d/week, 5 mo. Exposure conditions Control Exhaust Exhaust, Exhaust Exhaust, Exhaust Exhaust, filtered ftltered filtered Particle cone. (mg/m') 4 11 17 Particle size (p.m)b 0.1 0.1 0.1 co,(%) 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.95 1.4 1.6 CO (ppm)
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DRAFT DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Health A
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CONTENTS (continued) 2.5.1. Volatil
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CONTENTS (continued) 11.2.1. H.fl.Z
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LIST OF TABLES (continued) 2-14. Me
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PREFACE This draft health assessmen
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AUTHORS, REVIEWERS, AND CONTRIBUTOR
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l. INTRODUCTION 1 Diesel engines ar
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1 achieved by using specific solven
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Nitro-PAH• Table 2-10. Concentrat
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1 pollutants depends on the amount
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1 For the simplest alkoxy radicals,
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 H ON0
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1 conditions (Pitts et al., 1985c )
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Table 2-14. Mean particle, gas, and
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1 sample collection. There was no b
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1 of downtown Los Angeles (Arey et
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1 exposures. This is a complex ques
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1 Dunstan, TDJ; Mauldin, RF; Jinxia
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1 Lipkea, WH; DeJoode, AD; Christen
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1 Pitts, JN, Jr; Sweetman, JA; Ziel
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1 NOTE TO READERS CHAPTER3 2 Becaus
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1 volume basis (Table 4-1 ). This i
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1 Pritchard (1989), utilizing data
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1 4.3.3.3. Potential Mechanisms for
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1 not accurately reflect the actual
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1 Lee, PS; Chan, TL; Hering, WE. (1
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1 one-half units up to 3, strong (O
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Study Ulfvarson et a!. (1987) Batti
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N -,_. -\0 00 VI N ,_. 0 § I I 0 0
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1 control]). Heinrich et al. (1986a
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1 Heinrich et al. ( 1986a; see also
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1 thoracic area at subsequent times
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1 with matched controls for the num
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----- N \0 00 VI I 0'1 N tJ § I I
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1 In related studies, Navarro et al
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1 Mauderly et al. (1987b) evaluated
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1 pattern of adverse effects on res
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1 DPM concentrations) that resulted
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 Klosterkotter, W; Blinemann, G. (
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1 Misiorowski, RL; Strom, KA; Vosta
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1 Wright, ES. (1986) Effects of sho
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1 Studies showing these effects are
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1 exposure level. In the 0.3 5 mg/m
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1 to derive the RfC. The discussion
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1 The BMC values are the lower 95%
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Table 6-5. Results of benchmark con
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1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
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1 the latter, 16 were classified as
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 burdens of the NMRI mice after 12
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1 with four to seven rings), which
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1 five daily doses of2,000 f...lg.
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1 occupations. The observed absence
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1 occupations). Analysis was conduc
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1 the confined space of a truck cab
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1 The corresponding odds ratios for
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1 Approximately 20,000 miners are e
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1 bladder cancer was found in Canad
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 Kaplan, I. (1959) Relationship of
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9. MUTAGENICITY 1 Since 1978, more
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1 the presence of heritable translo
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1 9.5. REFERENCES 2 3 "Barfknecht,
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1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 inconsequential in rats relative
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1 response. cell injury, or cell pr
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1 Caution must be exercised in extr
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1 Rister, M: Baehner, RL. ( 1977) E
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1 The potency of the other diesel e
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Table 11-2. Incidence of lung tumor
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Table 11-5. Unit risk estimates per
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 to reflect the potency of several
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1 Huisingh. J; Bradow, R; Jungers,
Page 462: 1 particles are fine and ultrafine
Page 465: 1 are available. Exposure is most o
Page 473: 1 · some of which can be informed
Page 477 and 478: 1 For example, in a recent meta-ana
Page 479 and 480: 1 nonthreshold-mutagen driven MOA.
Page 484: 1 that their developing pulmonary a
Page 491: 1 impacts. Use of these measures re
Page 495: 2/1198 Appendix A Experimental Prot
Page 504 and 505: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 509: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 512 and 513: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 514: 1 B.l. INTRODUCTION 2 As previously
Page 519: Parametera llo a b llz qo ql Yo Y1
Page 524: Table B-7. Effect of changing dose-
Page 527: 1 how increase of diesel-exposure c
Page 532: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Given a 2x(x),
Page 538 and 539: Appendix C Models for Calculating L
Page 540: 1 respiratory tract by various depo
Page 551 and 552: 1 The values of (DFh and (DF)A over
Page 555: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .9 10 direction. Fo
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1 Yu, C.P.; Xu, G.B. (1987) Predict
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