Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL AND COMPOSITION OF EXPOSURE ATMOSPHERES' Facility/Sponsor Japan Auiomobile Research Institute Inc. (<strong>Health</strong> Effects Research Program - HERP) Reference HERP 1988; Ishinishi eta!., 1986; Ishinishi et al., 1989 Engine type Light duty, 1.8 L, '4-cylinder, swirl chamber Operating mode 1700 rpm, eddy current dynamometer Fuel type Nippon Oil Co JIS No. I or 2 diesel Fuel sulfur 0.41% Exposure regime 16 hid, 6 d/week, 30 mo. Exposure Control Exhaust conditions Particle cone. 0.003 0.11 (mg/m 3 ) Particle size (!-lm) MMDb(GSD)' CO,(%) 0.026 0.050 CO (ppm) 0.80 1.23 NO, (ppm) 0.011 0.08 NO (ppm) 0.033 1.16 NO (ppm) 0.044 1.24 SO, (ppm) 0.06 0.38 SO _, (!-lgim 3 ) 0.41 18.8 .. 0,(%) 20.8 20.8 Aliphatic aldehydes Formaldehyde 0.002 0.01 (ppm) Acrolein (ppm) NH+ LTHC (ppm) 2.17 2.27 HTHC (ppm) 2.20 2.44 PAHs (ng/m 3 ) Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(ghi)perylene 1-Nitropyrene • All ± are S.D., unless specified otherwise. h Mass median diameter. " Geometric standard deviation. Exhaust 0.41 0.105 2.12 0.26 3.81 4.06 1.06 62.4 20.7 0.03 2.51 2.93 Exhaust 1.08 0.19 (2.37- 2.71) 0.219 3.96 0.70 9.44 10.14 2.42 151 20.5 O.o7 2.87 3.82 Exhaust 2.32 0.21-0.22 (2.23-2. 93) 0.418 7.10 1.41 18.93 20.34 4.70 315 20.3 0.13 3.57 5.49 5.3 + 10.6 5.4 + 7.7 2.7 + 3.9 46.6 ± 44.0 Heavy duty. 11 L, 6-cylinder, direct injection 1200 rpm, eddy current dynamometer Nippon Oil Co JIS No. I or 2 diesel 0.41% !6 h/d, 6 d/week, 30 mo. Control Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust 0.002 0.46 0.96 1.84 0.20-0.23 (2.73-3.07) O.o35 0.084 0.140 0.215 0.63 2.65 4.85 7.75 0.021 0.46 ' 1.02 1.68 0.042 5.71 12.11 19.99 0.061 6.17 13.13 21.67 0.06 0.98 1.79 2.82 0.49 62.9 111 198 20.8 20.8 20.7 20.6 0.003 0.05 0.11 0.18 - 3.50 4.27 5.16 5.90 2.43 4.63 7.15 9.94 2/1198 A-10 DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE - Exhaust 3.72 0.25-0.28 (2.75-3.18) 0.360 12.91 3.00 34.45 37.45 4.57 361 20.4 0.29 7.62 15.65 7.5 + 3.2 6.0 + 3.0 8.9 ± 2.5 43.4 ± 9.8
APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL AND COMPOSITION OF EXPOSURE ATMOSPHERES• Facility /Sponsor Japan Automobile Research Institute Inc. (<strong>Health</strong> Effects Research Program - HERP) Reference HERP, 1988; Ishinishi et al., 1986; Ishinishi et al., 1989 Engine type Heavy duty, 11 L, 6-cylinder, direct injection Operating mode 1200 rpm, eddy current dynamometer Fuel type NiiJpon Oil Co JIS No. 1 or 2 Fuel sulfur "0.41% Exposure regime 16 h/d, 6 d/week, 30 mo. Exposure conditions Control Exhaust, filtered Exhaust Exhaust, filtered Exhaust Particle cone. (mg/m 3 ) 0.004 0.005 0.39 0.019 2.99 Particle size (Jlm) 0.31-0.35 MMDb (GSD)c (2.58-2.83) co? (%) 0.068 0.083 0.084 0.391 0.412 CO (ppm) 0.06 2.54 2.50 13.00 12.90 N0 2 (ppm) 0.024 0.42 0.44 3.96 4.95 NO (ppm) 0.040 5.16 5.37 32.81 31.50 NOx (p]J_m) 0.062 5.58 5.81 36.76 36.45 so2_ {JJ]J_m) 0.03 0.96 0.98 4.50 4.03 SO .z (J.tg/m 3 ) 0.35 1.43 57.7 1.61 358 0? (%) 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.4 20.3 Aliphatic aldehydes Formaldehyde (JJIJm) 0.003 0.04 0.04 0.24 0.20 Acrolein (ppm) NH + LTHC (ppm) 3.62 4.43 4.41 7.79 7.68 HTHC (ppm) 2.38 3.74 4.53 12.68 13.79 PARs Benzo(a)pyrene Nitropyrene 'All ± are S.D. unless specified otherwise . • h Mass median diameter. c Geometric standard deviation. 2/1198 A-ll DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Page 1 and 2:
DRAFT DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Health A
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS (continued) 2.5.1. Volatil
Page 9 and 10:
CONTENTS (continued) 11.2.1. H.fl.Z
Page 12:
LIST OF TABLES (continued) 2-14. Me
Page 17 and 18:
PREFACE This draft health assessmen
Page 20 and 21:
AUTHORS, REVIEWERS, AND CONTRIBUTOR
Page 22:
l. INTRODUCTION 1 Diesel engines ar
Page 42 and 43:
1 achieved by using specific solven
Page 45 and 46:
Nitro-PAH• Table 2-10. Concentrat
Page 50:
1 pollutants depends on the amount
Page 56:
1 For the simplest alkoxy radicals,
Page 63 and 64:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 H ON0
Page 66 and 67:
1 conditions (Pitts et al., 1985c )
Page 69:
Table 2-14. Mean particle, gas, and
Page 72 and 73:
1 sample collection. There was no b
Page 75:
1 of downtown Los Angeles (Arey et
Page 81:
1 exposures. This is a complex ques
Page 85:
1 Dunstan, TDJ; Mauldin, RF; Jinxia
Page 88 and 89:
1 Lipkea, WH; DeJoode, AD; Christen
Page 90:
1 Pitts, JN, Jr; Sweetman, JA; Ziel
Page 95:
1 NOTE TO READERS CHAPTER3 2 Becaus
Page 101:
1 volume basis (Table 4-1 ). This i
Page 109:
1 Pritchard (1989), utilizing data
Page 115:
1 4.3.3.3. Potential Mechanisms for
Page 123:
1 not accurately reflect the actual
Page 131 and 132:
1 Lee, PS; Chan, TL; Hering, WE. (1
Page 137:
1 one-half units up to 3, strong (O
Page 148:
Study Ulfvarson et a!. (1987) Batti
Page 155:
N -,_. -\0 00 VI N ,_. 0 § I I 0 0
Page 163:
1 control]). Heinrich et al. (1986a
Page 174:
1 Heinrich et al. ( 1986a; see also
Page 185:
1 thoracic area at subsequent times
Page 189:
1 with matched controls for the num
Page 196 and 197:
----- N \0 00 VI I 0'1 N tJ § I I
Page 201:
1 In related studies, Navarro et al
Page 210:
1 Mauderly et al. (1987b) evaluated
Page 216 and 217:
1 pattern of adverse effects on res
Page 218:
1 DPM concentrations) that resulted
Page 221:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 226 and 227:
1 Klosterkotter, W; Blinemann, G. (
Page 228 and 229:
1 Misiorowski, RL; Strom, KA; Vosta
Page 232:
1 Wright, ES. (1986) Effects of sho
Page 235:
1 Studies showing these effects are
Page 238:
1 exposure level. In the 0.3 5 mg/m
Page 251 and 252:
1 to derive the RfC. The discussion
Page 253 and 254:
1 The BMC values are the lower 95%
Page 255:
Table 6-5. Results of benchmark con
Page 262:
1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
Page 274 and 275:
1 the latter, 16 were classified as
Page 279 and 280:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 282:
1 burdens of the NMRI mice after 12
Page 289:
1 with four to seven rings), which
Page 298:
1 five daily doses of2,000 f...lg.
Page 338:
1 occupations. The observed absence
Page 346:
1 occupations). Analysis was conduc
Page 356:
1 the confined space of a truck cab
Page 364 and 365:
1 The corresponding odds ratios for
Page 370 and 371:
1 Approximately 20,000 miners are e
Page 375 and 376:
1 bladder cancer was found in Canad
Page 377:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 382 and 383:
1 Kaplan, I. (1959) Relationship of
Page 385:
9. MUTAGENICITY 1 Since 1978, more
Page 389 and 390:
1 the presence of heritable translo
Page 391 and 392:
1 9.5. REFERENCES 2 3 "Barfknecht,
Page 394 and 395:
1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
Page 397 and 398:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 399:
1 inconsequential in rats relative
Page 413:
1 response. cell injury, or cell pr
Page 418:
1 Caution must be exercised in extr
Page 424:
1 Rister, M: Baehner, RL. ( 1977) E
Page 432:
1 The potency of the other diesel e
Page 439 and 440:
Table 11-2. Incidence of lung tumor
Page 441:
Table 11-5. Unit risk estimates per
Page 444:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 449:
1 to reflect the potency of several
Page 452:
1 Huisingh. J; Bradow, R; Jungers,
Page 462: 1 particles are fine and ultrafine
Page 465: 1 are available. Exposure is most o
Page 473: 1 · some of which can be informed
Page 477 and 478: 1 For example, in a recent meta-ana
Page 479 and 480: 1 nonthreshold-mutagen driven MOA.
Page 484: 1 that their developing pulmonary a
Page 491: 1 impacts. Use of these measures re
Page 495: 2/1198 Appendix A Experimental Prot
Page 507: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 511 and 512: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 513 and 514: 2/1198 Appendix B Alternative Model
Page 517: 1 d: Dose of organics, mg/cm 2 of l
Page 521: Table B-4. Comparison of observed t
Page 526 and 527: 1 uncertainties below). Based on th
Page 529: 1 B.lO. RFERENCES 2 3 Bohning D., A
Page 536: 1 and 2 m.(t) = (y2i - YI/exp[Ap)a/
Page 539 and 540: 1 C.l. INTRODUCTION 2 As discussed
Page 547: 1 For mouth breathing: 2 (DF)H . =
Page 552: TABLE C-1. LUNG MODEL FOR RATS AT T
Page 558:
TABLE C-3. RATIO OF PULMONARY SURFA
show all

Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?