Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...
Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...
Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
1 well as concrete and asphalt workers. Occupational asbest9s exposure was also associated with<br />
2 an elevated odds ratio of 2.6 (95% CI = 1.6, 3 .6) <strong>for</strong> :::: 1 year of employment and 3.6 (95% CI = ·<br />
3 1.9, 7.2) <strong>for</strong> ::::20 years of employment. All the odds ratios were calculated by adjusting <strong>for</strong> age,<br />
4 smoking, and municipality. After comparison with the live controls, the odds ratios were found<br />
5 to be lower than those observed with dead controls. None of the odds ratios were statistically<br />
6 significant in this comparison.<br />
7 This study did not detect any excess risk of lung cancer <strong>for</strong> professional drivers, who,<br />
8 among all the occupations listed, had the most potential <strong>for</strong> exposure tq motor vehicle exhaust.<br />
9 However, it is not known whether these drivers were exposed exclusively to gasoline exhaust,<br />
1 0 diesel exhaust, or varying degrees of both. An excess risk was detected <strong>for</strong> underground miners,<br />
11 but it is not known if this was due to diesel emissions from engines or from radon daughters in<br />
12 poorly ventilated mines. Although a high response rate (98%) was obtained by the postal<br />
13 questionnaires, the use of surrogate respondents is known to lead to misclassification errors that<br />
14 can bias the odds ratio to 1.<br />
15<br />
16 8.3.4. Lerchen et al. (1987): Lung Cancer and Occupation in New Mexico<br />
17 This is a population-based case-control study conducted in New Mexico that examines<br />
. 18 the association between occupation and occurrence of lung cancer in Hispanic and non-Hispanic<br />
19 whites. Cases involved residents of New Mexico, 25 through 84 years of age and diagnosed<br />
20 between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1982, with primary lung cancer, excluding<br />
21 bronchioalveolar carcinoma. Cases were ascertained through the New Mexico Tumor Registry,<br />
22 which is a member of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the<br />
23 National Cancer Institute. Controls were chosen by randomly selecting residential telephone<br />
24 numbers and, <strong>for</strong> those over 65 years of age, from the <strong>Health</strong> Care Financing Administration's<br />
25 roster of Medicare participants. They were frequency-matched to cases <strong>for</strong> sex, ethnicity, and<br />
26 1 0-year age category with a ratio of 1.5 controls per case. The 506 cases (333 males and 173<br />
27 females) and 771. controls (499 males and 272 females) were interviewed, with a nonresponse<br />
28 . rate of 11% <strong>for</strong> cases. Next of kin provided interviews <strong>for</strong> 50% and 43% of male and female<br />
29 cases, respectively. Among controls, only 2% of the interviews were provided by next of kin <strong>for</strong><br />
30 each sex. Data were collected by personal interviews conducted by bilingual interviewers in the<br />
31 participants' homes. A lifetime occupational history and a self-reported history of exposure to<br />
32 specific agents were obtained <strong>for</strong> each job held <strong>for</strong> at least 6 months since age 12. Questions<br />
33 were asked about the title of the position, duties per<strong>for</strong>med, location and nature of industry, and<br />
34 tinie at each job title. A detailed smoking history was also obtained. The variables on<br />
35 occupational exposures were coded according to the Standard Industrial Classification scheme by<br />
2/1/98 8-26 DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE