Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

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206 Wood Properties SPECIES HEAT OF COMBUSTION HEAT OF COMBUSTION SITE AND ···OVEN·DRY··· ···14% MC-- SOURCE (megajoules kg· l ) (megajoules kg-I) Phyllostylon brasiliensis 18.089 (0.342) 15.550 (0.294) Cul-de-Sac, Haiti, bwablan Timyan (1988) . Phyllostylon brasiliensis 19.038 (0.119) 16.366 (0.102) Mao, Rep. Dom., bwa blan Maxwell (1985) Pictetia spinifolia 20.610 (0.106) 17.717 (0.091) Mao, Rep. Dom., gratigal Maxwell (1985) Pithecellobium circinale 19.447 (0.045) 16.718 (0.039) Mao, Rep. Dom., kampech mawon Maxwell (1985) Pithecellobium unguis-cati 19.050 (0.872) 16.376 (0.750) Cul-de-Sac, Haiti, Timyan (1988) Prosopis juliflora 19.926 (0.014) 17.130 (0.012) Cul-de-Sac, Haiti, bayawonn Timyan (1988) Prosopis juliflora 18.300 (0.097) 15.732 (0.083) Mao, Rep. Dom., bayawonn Maxwell (1985) Senna atomaria 19.328 (0.415) 16.615 (0.357) Cul-de-Sac, Haiti, bwakabrit Timyan (1988) Senna atomaria 19.688 (0.094) 16.925 (0.081) Mao, Rep. Dom., bwakabrit Maxwell (1985)
20 Medicinal Uses Trees have provided a rich source of ingredients that Haitians and other people of Hisponiola have used for centuries in their folk medicine. After Charles Plumier published his Description des Plantes de l'Amerique in 1693, based in part on floristic studies conducted in Haiti, two French doctors wrote on the utilization of medicinal plants in Haiti: RenePouppee Desportes wrote Histoire des Maladies de Saint Domingue in 1740 and E. Descourtilz wrote Flore Pittoresque et Medicinales des Antilles in 1821. Recent ethnobotanical studies have been conducted on the medicinal plants of Haiti, including those by Brutus and Pierre-Noel (1959, 1960, 1966), Leon (1980), Weniger (1985), Weniger and Rouzier (1986), and Rouzier (1990). Studies dealing with many of the same species present throughout the Caribbean and Latin American include Ayensu (1981), Morton (1981), Nunez (1982), Tramil I (1984), Darnault and Longuefosse (1985), Tramil II (1986), Joseph (1988), Seaforth (1988), Tramil III (1988), Ansel et al. (1989) and Liogier (1990). The medicinal use of trees is an important part of Haitian cultural knowledge, and its effectiveness must be reinforced by scientific study. At times there is concern, even contempt, among Western medical researchers about traditional, local practices. Precision in dosages of curative treatments is difficult. Some remedies have been shown to contain toxic compounds; others fade into the universe of mysticism and magic. Strict ethical guidelines in the application of treatments are rarely explicit. However, the beauty of traditional medicines comes down to an issue of cultural diversity and a deeper understanding of the role that plants play in the daily lives of . people. Without this diversity, modem pharmaceutical science would not be what it is today. Herbal remedies are locally available and foster a self-reliance among those who can ill-afford the high costs of imported pharmaceuticals. Perhaps an art more than a science, one of the most important contributions of folk medicine is that it adds to our understanding ofHaitiantrees. A list of trees that are commonly used for medicinal purposes in Haiti is provided in Table 20.1 below. The table includes 76 families, 222 genera and 293 taxa. The taxa are arranged alphabetically by species. The first column gives the scientific and Creole names associated with the tree. The second column summarizes the ailments, followed by the tree part and the principal method of application. Specific prescriptions, such as dosage and frequency, are not given, as these are rarely specified in the literature and can vary considerably among users according to recipe. Moreover, the table does not rank the order of species importance as a medicinal source for the ailments, though this work can be found for areas of Haiti studied by Service Oecumenique d'Entraide since the 1980s. Many of the tree species invariably are associated with specific treatments. Examples include the relief of sore throat with Spondias purpurea or lowering of blood pressure with Terminalia catappa. The genera that stand out in importance· are important fruit trees - notably Citrus (sweet and sour orange, key lime, and pummelo) and Annona (soursop, custard 207 '
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BWAYO: IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI
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BWA YO: IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI Jo
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Foreword Acknowledgments Introducti
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Acknowledgments No book is ever the
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PART I IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI
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1 Bayawonn· Species: Prosopis juli
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Bayawonn S with calorific values ra
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Bavawonn 7 Table 1.2 Equations used
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Bayawonn 11 Figure 1.9 The graceful
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2 Bwa PIe Species: Colubrina arbore
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Figure 2.4 The fast-growing, tall,
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ity in the type of cash crops that
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Bwa Pie 19 Biomass Studies: Ehrlich
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Figure 3.1 C. alliodora selected as
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Figure 3.3 C. alliodora grows tall
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Figure 4.1 A mature C. longissima,
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30 Chenn Figure 4.2 Stands of C. lo
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32 Chenn The poles commonly are har
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34 Chenn limited number of seedling
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Figure 4.10 ... and 4 years later,
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5 Fwenn Species: Simarouba glauca D
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Figure 5.3 S. berteroana, showing t
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Fwenn 43 Figure 5.5 Natural regener
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Figure 6.1 A mature S. mahagoni she
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Figure 6.4 S. mahagoni is deciduous
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52 Kajou PeyieeeKajou Efranje direc
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Figure 7.1 R. borinquena is an impo
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S8 Palmis Figure 7.2 R. borinquena
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60 Palmis markets as a cheaper subs
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Figure 8.1 C. odorata planted in a
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64 Sid The species is not demanding
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66 Sed temperature of4° C for up t
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o NO LEAYES G.J LEAF BUDS 0 YOUNG L
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9 Tavello Species: Lysiloma sabicu
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Figure 9.3 L. sabicu is traditional
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76 Tal/eno Figure 9.7 Three-year-ol
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80 Kokoye Figure 10.2 The most comm
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Figure 10.7 A healthy snack of coco
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Kokoye 85 probably is exacerbated b
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11 Mango Species: Mangifera indica
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Figure 11.2 Mango thrives in Haiti
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Figure 11.9 The commercial 'Corne'
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12 Sitwon...Zoranj...Chadek Species
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Sitwon...Zoranj ...Chadek 97 La Cha
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Sitwon ...Zoranj ... Chadek 101 Fig
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Sitwon...Zoranj ...Chadik 103 Table
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13 Zaboka Species: Persea americana
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REGION Savanette Pignon Comillon Sa
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Zaboka 109 after germination. Seedl
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14 Kasya Species: Senna siamea (Lam
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114 Kasva Table 14.1 Proximate anal
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Figure 14.8 A four-year-old provena
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15 Lisina...Delen Subspecies: Leuca
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122 Lisina ... Delen Figure 15.4 Th
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124 Lisina ...Delen Figure 15.6 Leu
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128 Lisina ••• Delen 28 MONTH
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130 Lisina... Delen Figure 15.11 L.
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Figure 16.1 This 26-year-old specim
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134 Him ODH, and Agridyne, Inc. In
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136 Nim Figure 16.4 A. indica is pl
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138 Nim Table 16.1 Proximate analys
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142 Nim Figure 16.8 Widely-spaced d
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Figure 17.1 G. sepium is a popular
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146 Piyon Distribution and Ecology:
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Piyon 149 Table 17.2 Equations used
Page 163: 18 Pests and Diseases Damaging agen
Page 167 and 168: Pests and Diseases 159 Species: Avi
Page 169 and 170: Pests and Diseases 161 Species: Car
Page 171 and 172: Pests and Diseases 163 Species: Cei
Page 173 and 174: Pests and Diseases 165 including Ar
Page 175 and 176: Pests and Diseases 167 feeds on dea
Page 177 and 178: Pests and Diseases 169 Species: Gli
Page 179: Pests and Diseases 171 Species: Lag
Page 182 and 183: 174 Pests and Diseases Species: Mel
Page 184 and 185: 176 Pesfs and Diseases genic fungi
Page 186 and 187: 178 Pests and Diseases Species: Sen
Page 188 and 189: 180 Pests and Diseases sume dead br
Page 191: 19 Wood Properties and Energy Value
Page 197 and 198: Wood Properties 189 SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 199 and 200: Wood Propert'ies 191 SPECIES WOOD C
Page 201 and 202: Wood Properties 193 SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 204: 196 Wood Properties SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 210 and 211: 202 Wood Properfies SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 213: Wood Properties 205 SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 218 and 219: 210 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
Page 220 and 221: 212 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
Page 222: 214 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
Page 227 and 228: SPECIES MEDICINAL USES Piper aduncu
Page 229: SPECIES MEDICINAL USES Medicinal Us
Page 244: 236 Tree Names APOCYNACEAE SPECIES
Page 247 and 248: SPECIES Calyptronoma rivalis (Cook)
Page 250 and 251: 242 Tree Names SPECIES Bua orellana
Page 252 and 253: 244 Tree Names SPECIES Bursera glau
Page 257 and 258: SPECIES SYNONYMS COMBRETACEAE Termi
Page 262: 254 Tree Names SPECIES Jatropha cur
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258 Tree Names SPECIES Calliandra c
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SPECIFS Machaerium lunatum (L.) Duc
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266 Tree Names SPECIES SYNONYMS FLA
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268 Tree Names SPECIES Ocotea membr
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272 Tree Names SPECIES Mecranium re
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274 Tree Names MENISPERMAC,EAE SPEC
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MYRTACEAE SPECIES SYNONYMS COMMON N
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280 Tree Names SPECIES Eugenia unif
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282 Tree Names SPECIES Psidium guaj
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SPECIES Stegnosperma cubense A. Ric
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SPECIES Coccoloba samanensis Schm.
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292 Tree Names SPECIES Citrus limon
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300 Tree Names SPECIES Cleyera vacc
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302 Tree Names SPECIES Avicennia ge
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CREOLE NAME bwa kaka bwakalson bwa}
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310 .Creole Names CREOLE NAME bwa s
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312 Creole Names •• D •• CO
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314 Creole Names COMMON NAME SPECIE
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COMMON NAME kachiman zombi kafe kaf
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COMMON NAME kaymit fran kaymit jade
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322 Creole Names •• JL •• C
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324 Creole Names COMMON NAME mang m
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326 Creole Names •• N •• CO
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COMMON NAME rezen bouzen rezen le r
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Creole Names 333 COMMON NAME· SPEC
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344 References Little, E. L., R O.
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348 References Theobald, W. 1989. C
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350 References Young, H. E. 1976. A
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352 Index acajou etranger, 47, 273
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JS4 Index amor seco, 265 amor y cel
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astard breadnut, 275 bastard cabbag
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uis de sable, 253 bulbstern yucca,
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camaron, 249 camasey, 271, 272 cama
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368 Index Cedrela occidentalis, 63,
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372 Index coma, 293, 296 coma blanc
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374 Index Cupressus glauca, 249 Cup
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Eugenia albimarginata, 278 Eugenia
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gomme baume, 285 gommier, 244, 256
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guayabilla, 265 guayabillo, 280 gua
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.390 Index LeptogolJum domingense,
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396 Index miraguano, 239,240 mirto,
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398 Index Neobuchia paulinae, 242,
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400 Index palo bobo, 243, 248 palo
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piman dlo, 327 piment d'eau, 273 P(
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406 Index Protium glaucescens, 244
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408 Index Rhamnus ellipticus, 287 .
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414 Index Thouinidium inaequilateru
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Bwa Yo: Important Trees of Haiti De
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Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

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