Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

178 Pests and Diseases
Species: Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby
Creole Name: kasya
Family: Fabaceae (=Leguminosae)
Insect Pests: Leaf-cutter ants harvest nursery seedlings in Haiti. Asterolecanium pustulans
Cockerell (Homoptera), Saisetia oleae Oliver (Homoptera), Nasutitermes costalis
Holmgren (Isoptera) and Megalopyge krugii Dewitz, feed on leaves, branches, and bark
in Puerto Rico. Larvae of Eurema blanda Boisduval defoliate the tree in Sri Lanka.
Catopsilla pomona Fabricus causes damage in China.
Other Pests: Parasitic plants include Cuscuta reflexa Roxb., Dendrophthoe falcata
(L.f.) Ettingsh., and Tapinanthus sp. in Sri Lanka and India. Nematodes are an occasional
problem in tree nurseries in Haiti.
Diseases: Leaf spot (Cercospora sp.) is the most serious seedling disease in Haiti, characterized
by small brown- to chestnut-colored leaf spots that remain separate, later
becoming ashen-gray and papery. Leaf spot is also caused by Alternaria, Curvularia,
Fusarium, Fusoma, Macrophomina, Pestalotia, and Rhizoctonia. Leaf spot caused by
Cercospora cassiae-siameae Chiddarwar and Cochliobolus nodulosus Luttrell is reported
in India. Other diseases attacking nursery seedlings in Haiti include: anthracnose
(Colletotrichum); damping off (Alternaria, Cercospora, Diaporthe, Fusarium,
Macrophomina, Myrothecium, and Rhizoctonia); a stem blight of uncertain cause; and
powdery mildew (Oidium sp.). Pink disease (Corticum salmonicolor Berk. & Br.)
attacks trees in Mauritius and Tanzania. A bark necrosis (Botryidiplodia theobromae
Pat.) is reported in E. Africa. Nectria spp. are associated with cankers and dieback of
trees in W. Africa. A vascular wilt (Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.) has been reported in
several countries. Root pathogens include: Armillariella mellea (Fr.) Karst. in Uganda;
Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.) Karst. in India, Java, and Taiwan; Polyporus baudoni Pat.
in Ghana and Tanzania; and Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.H. Cunn. in Ghana. Rot fungi
include: Flavodon flavus (KI.) Ryv., Nothopanus hygrophanus (Mont.) Singer,
Trametes cotonea (Hart. & Pat.) Ryv., Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad. ex Fr.) Donk,
Trametes meyenii (KI.) Lloyd in Sierra Leone; and Phaeolus manihotis Heim. in Ghana.
The latter kills roots and causes dieback.
References: Josiah and Allen-Reid, 1991; Parrotta and Francis, 1990; Runion et aI.,
1990; Tourigny, 1987.
Species: Simarouba glauca DC. var. latifolia Cronq.
Creole Names: fwenn, bwa blan
Family: Simaroubaceae
Insect Pests: Tent caterpillars defoliate seedlings under drought stress in Haiti.
Diseases: Fungal diseases attacking seedlings in Haitian nurseries include damping off
and stem blight caused by Fusarium.
Reference: Runion et aI., 1990.