Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

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166 PestS and Diseases Species: Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. Creole Names: bwa pIe, kapab Family: Rhamnaceae Insect Pests: The citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantium B. de E) shrivels young leaves, reduces vigor, and promotes. development of black sooty mold in Haiti. The stingless bee (Trigonia silvestriana) extracts resin by making bark incisions. Seedlings are vulnerable to crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) that clip stems or defoliate in the nursery. Diseases: Fungal diseases attacking seedlings in Haitian nurseries include: leaf spot (Alternaria, Cercospora, and Myrothecium); anthracnose (Colletotrichum); damping off (Alternaria and Fusarium); and stem blight (Alternaria, Fusarium, and Colletotrichum). An unidentified aphid-borne virus causes leaves of young seedlings to shrivel with mosaic-type symptoms in Haiti. References: CATIE, 1992; Josiah and Allen-Reid, 1991; Runion et aI., 1990; Tourigny, 1987. Species: Cordia spp. Creole Names: bwa soumi, bwa chik, fle dan Family: Boraginaceae Insect Pests: Larvae of a bean weevil (Amblycerus pygidialis) destroy flowers, young fruit or seeds in the Caribbean. The stingless bee (Trigonia silvestriana) wounds C. alliodora by cutting bark incisions. A root-cutter beetle (Phyllophagus spp.)' attacks seedlings in Venezuela. The Spanish elm lacewing bug (Dictyla monotropidia) infests seedlings and damages leaves. The leaf hoppers (Draculocephala cubana and Hortensia similis) damage and deform leaves of trees in the Caribbean. Larvae of Conchylodes diptherali bore into concealed areas of the tree to feed. Ants commonly infest the swollen nodes of the lateral branches in Central and S. America, but cause no significant damage to planted seedlings. The tree is very susceptible to various defoliators. More than 212 insect taxa were found on C. alliodora in Panama, none causing serious injury. Other Pests: Birds and rodents destroy much of the seed in exposed areas. Extracts from a grass (Melinis minutiflora) has adverse effects on seedling growth of C. alliodora. Diseases: C. alliodora is susceptible to canker-causing rust (Puccina cordiae), attacking at the base of young branches, in the West Indies, Guatemala, and South America. A black fungal or viral canker of an unknown species, causing severe damage to nodes on main stems of C. alliodora, has been reported from the Pacific. Leaf spot disease attacks nursery seedlings in Puerto Rico. References: CATIE, 1992; Liegel and Stead, 1990; Webb et aI., 1984. Species: Cupania americana L. Creole Name: satanye Family: Sapindaceae Insect Pests: Homoptera species feed on trees, causing twig mortality, in Puerto Rico. Lepidopteran caterpillars defoliate lightly in Puerto Rico. Unidentified insect larvae destroy seeds in Puerto Rico. The wet-wood termite (Nasutitermes costalis Holmgren)
Pests and Diseases 167 feeds on dead limbs and twigs of live trees in Puerto Rico. The dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker) attacks the wood in the Caribbean. Reference: Francis, 1991 a. Species: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Family: Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) Insect Pests: A defoliator (Plecoptera reflexa) and a leaf binder (Dichomeris eridantis) attack the tree in India. Pinhole borers and termites attack the wood. A cricket (Brachytrypes portentosus) attacks seedlings in India. Other Pests: Parasitic plants include Loranthus longiflorus and Tapinenthus dodoneifolius in India. Porcupines and rats damage root systems in India. Diseases: Powdery mildew (Phyllactinia dalbergiae Pirozynski) appears on leaves of young and old trees late in the growing season in India. Other common fungal diseases in India include: leaf spot (Cercospora sissoo Syd., Cochliobolus lunatus Nelson & Haasis, Colletotrichum sisoo (Sydow.) Sutton, Phomopsis dalbergiae Sahni, Phyllachora dalbergiae Syd. & Butler, and Phyllosticta sisoo Died.); leaf blight (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penzig); leaf wilt (Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. & Wollenw. f. dalbergiae Gordon); leaf rusts (Eudarluca caricis (Fr.) C. Eriks, Maravalia achora (Syd.) Arth. & Cunm., and Uredo sisoo Syd. & Butler); wood rots (Daedalea flavida Lev., Daldinia erschscholzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm., Favolus canadensis Klotzsch., , Fomes fastuosus (L.) Berk., Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., G. lucidum (Leyss.) Kaist., Hymenochaeta damaecornis (Link.) Lev" Irpex flavus Klotzsch., Marasmius pangerangensis P. Renn., Peniophora indica Thind & Rattan, and Polyporus gilvus Schw.); stump rot (Fomes durissimus Lloyd and F. lucida); root rot (Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.) Kaist.); and blister canker (Nummularia cinnalbarina P. Renn.). Reference: Parrotta, 1989. Species: Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Creole Name: kwokwo ginen Family: Arecaceae (=Palmae) Insect Pests: Larvae of the palm bruchid beetle (Pachymerus bactris Linne) feed in the seed and exit as adults that feed on the flowers, nectar, and pollen. Caterpillars (Saturniidae: Automeris liberia, A. cinctistiga, A. bilinea, Periphoba hircia, and Pseudodirphia gregatus) defoliate oil palms throughout the Neotropics. References: Couturier and Kahn, 1993; Johnson et aI., 1995. Species: Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. Creole Name: bwa tanis wouj Family: Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) Insect Pests: Wood-boring insects (buprestids, cerambicids, and scolitids) attack diseased areas caused by Fusarium oxyosporum var. perniciosum in Puerto Rico. The gallforming fly (Asphondylia enterolobii) destroys flowers in Costa Rica. A sucking insect (Umbonia crassicorni) attacks trees in Costa Rica. Stator generalis attacks dormant seeds in Costa Rica. Numerous insects attack the sapwood.
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BWAYO: IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI
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BWA YO: IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI Jo
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Foreword Acknowledgments Introducti
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Acknowledgments No book is ever the
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PART I IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI
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1 Bayawonn· Species: Prosopis juli
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Bayawonn S with calorific values ra
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Bavawonn 7 Table 1.2 Equations used
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Bayawonn 11 Figure 1.9 The graceful
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2 Bwa PIe Species: Colubrina arbore
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Figure 2.4 The fast-growing, tall,
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ity in the type of cash crops that
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Bwa Pie 19 Biomass Studies: Ehrlich
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Figure 3.1 C. alliodora selected as
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Figure 3.3 C. alliodora grows tall
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Figure 4.1 A mature C. longissima,
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30 Chenn Figure 4.2 Stands of C. lo
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32 Chenn The poles commonly are har
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34 Chenn limited number of seedling
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Figure 4.10 ... and 4 years later,
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5 Fwenn Species: Simarouba glauca D
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Figure 5.3 S. berteroana, showing t
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Fwenn 43 Figure 5.5 Natural regener
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Figure 6.1 A mature S. mahagoni she
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Figure 6.4 S. mahagoni is deciduous
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52 Kajou PeyieeeKajou Efranje direc
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Figure 7.1 R. borinquena is an impo
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S8 Palmis Figure 7.2 R. borinquena
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60 Palmis markets as a cheaper subs
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Figure 8.1 C. odorata planted in a
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64 Sid The species is not demanding
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66 Sed temperature of4° C for up t
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o NO LEAYES G.J LEAF BUDS 0 YOUNG L
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9 Tavello Species: Lysiloma sabicu
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Figure 9.3 L. sabicu is traditional
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76 Tal/eno Figure 9.7 Three-year-ol
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80 Kokoye Figure 10.2 The most comm
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Figure 10.7 A healthy snack of coco
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Kokoye 85 probably is exacerbated b
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11 Mango Species: Mangifera indica
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Figure 11.2 Mango thrives in Haiti
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Figure 11.9 The commercial 'Corne'
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12 Sitwon...Zoranj...Chadek Species
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Sitwon...Zoranj ...Chadek 97 La Cha
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Sitwon ...Zoranj ... Chadek 101 Fig
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Sitwon...Zoranj ...Chadik 103 Table
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13 Zaboka Species: Persea americana
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REGION Savanette Pignon Comillon Sa
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Zaboka 109 after germination. Seedl
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14 Kasya Species: Senna siamea (Lam
Page 124 and 125: 114 Kasva Table 14.1 Proximate anal
Page 127 and 128: Figure 14.8 A four-year-old provena
Page 129: 15 Lisina...Delen Subspecies: Leuca
Page 132 and 133: 122 Lisina ... Delen Figure 15.4 Th
Page 134: 124 Lisina ...Delen Figure 15.6 Leu
Page 138 and 139: 128 Lisina ••• Delen 28 MONTH
Page 140 and 141: 130 Lisina... Delen Figure 15.11 L.
Page 142 and 143: Figure 16.1 This 26-year-old specim
Page 144 and 145: 134 Him ODH, and Agridyne, Inc. In
Page 146 and 147: 136 Nim Figure 16.4 A. indica is pl
Page 148 and 149: 138 Nim Table 16.1 Proximate analys
Page 152 and 153: 142 Nim Figure 16.8 Widely-spaced d
Page 154 and 155: Figure 17.1 G. sepium is a popular
Page 156: 146 Piyon Distribution and Ecology:
Page 159: Piyon 149 Table 17.2 Equations used
Page 163: 18 Pests and Diseases Damaging agen
Page 167 and 168: Pests and Diseases 159 Species: Avi
Page 169 and 170: Pests and Diseases 161 Species: Car
Page 171 and 172: Pests and Diseases 163 Species: Cei
Page 173: Pests and Diseases 165 including Ar
Page 177 and 178: Pests and Diseases 169 Species: Gli
Page 179: Pests and Diseases 171 Species: Lag
Page 182 and 183: 174 Pests and Diseases Species: Mel
Page 184 and 185: 176 Pesfs and Diseases genic fungi
Page 186 and 187: 178 Pests and Diseases Species: Sen
Page 188 and 189: 180 Pests and Diseases sume dead br
Page 191: 19 Wood Properties and Energy Value
Page 197 and 198: Wood Properties 189 SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 199 and 200: Wood Propert'ies 191 SPECIES WOOD C
Page 204: 196 Wood Properties SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 210 and 211: 202 Wood Properfies SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 215: 20 Medicinal Uses Trees have provid
Page 218 and 219: 210 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
Page 220 and 221: 212 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
Page 222: 214 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
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SPECIES MEDICINAL USES Piper aduncu
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SPECIES MEDICINAL USES Medicinal Us
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236 Tree Names APOCYNACEAE SPECIES
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SPECIES Calyptronoma rivalis (Cook)
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242 Tree Names SPECIES Bua orellana
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244 Tree Names SPECIES Bursera glau
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SPECIES SYNONYMS COMBRETACEAE Termi
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254 Tree Names SPECIES Jatropha cur
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258 Tree Names SPECIES Calliandra c
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SPECIFS Machaerium lunatum (L.) Duc
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266 Tree Names SPECIES SYNONYMS FLA
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268 Tree Names SPECIES Ocotea membr
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272 Tree Names SPECIES Mecranium re
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274 Tree Names MENISPERMAC,EAE SPEC
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MYRTACEAE SPECIES SYNONYMS COMMON N
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280 Tree Names SPECIES Eugenia unif
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282 Tree Names SPECIES Psidium guaj
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SPECIES Stegnosperma cubense A. Ric
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SPECIES Coccoloba samanensis Schm.
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292 Tree Names SPECIES Citrus limon
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300 Tree Names SPECIES Cleyera vacc
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302 Tree Names SPECIES Avicennia ge
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CREOLE NAME bwa kaka bwakalson bwa}
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310 .Creole Names CREOLE NAME bwa s
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312 Creole Names •• D •• CO
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314 Creole Names COMMON NAME SPECIE
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COMMON NAME kachiman zombi kafe kaf
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COMMON NAME kaymit fran kaymit jade
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322 Creole Names •• JL •• C
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324 Creole Names COMMON NAME mang m
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326 Creole Names •• N •• CO
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COMMON NAME rezen bouzen rezen le r
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Creole Names 333 COMMON NAME· SPEC
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344 References Little, E. L., R O.
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348 References Theobald, W. 1989. C
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350 References Young, H. E. 1976. A
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352 Index acajou etranger, 47, 273
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JS4 Index amor seco, 265 amor y cel
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astard breadnut, 275 bastard cabbag
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uis de sable, 253 bulbstern yucca,
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camaron, 249 camasey, 271, 272 cama
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368 Index Cedrela occidentalis, 63,
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372 Index coma, 293, 296 coma blanc
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374 Index Cupressus glauca, 249 Cup
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Eugenia albimarginata, 278 Eugenia
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gomme baume, 285 gommier, 244, 256
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guayabilla, 265 guayabillo, 280 gua
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.390 Index LeptogolJum domingense,
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396 Index miraguano, 239,240 mirto,
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398 Index Neobuchia paulinae, 242,
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400 Index palo bobo, 243, 248 palo
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piman dlo, 327 piment d'eau, 273 P(
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406 Index Protium glaucescens, 244
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408 Index Rhamnus ellipticus, 287 .
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414 Index Thouinidium inaequilateru
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Bwa Yo: Important Trees of Haiti De
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