Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti
Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti
Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
166 PestS and Diseases<br />
Species: Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg.<br />
Creole Names: bwa pIe, kapab<br />
Family: Rhamnaceae<br />
Insect Pests: The citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantium B. de E) shrivels <strong>yo</strong>ung leaves,<br />
reduces vigor, and promotes. development of black sooty mold in <strong>Haiti</strong>. The stingless<br />
bee (Trigonia silvestriana) extracts resin by making bark incisions. Seedlings are vulnerable<br />
to crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) that clip stems or defoliate in the nursery.<br />
Diseases: Fungal diseases attacking seedlings in <strong>Haiti</strong>an nurseries include: leaf spot<br />
(Alternaria, Cercospora, and Myrothecium); anthracnose (Colletotrichum); damping<br />
off (Alternaria and Fusarium); and stem blight (Alternaria, Fusarium, and<br />
Colletotrichum). An unidentified aphid-borne virus causes leaves of <strong>yo</strong>ung seedlings to<br />
shrivel with mosaic-type symptoms in <strong>Haiti</strong>.<br />
References: CATIE, 1992; Josiah and Allen-Reid, 1991; Runion et aI., 1990; Tourigny,<br />
1987.<br />
Species: Cordia spp.<br />
Creole Names: bwa soumi, bwa chik, fle dan<br />
Family: Boraginaceae<br />
Insect Pests: Larvae of a bean weevil (Amblycerus pygidialis) destroy flowers, <strong>yo</strong>ung<br />
fruit or seeds in the Caribbean. The stingless bee (Trigonia silvestriana) wounds C.<br />
alliodora by cutting bark incisions. A root-cutter beetle (Phyllophagus spp.)' attacks<br />
seedlings in Venezuela. The Spanish elm lacewing bug (Dictyla monotropidia) infests<br />
seedlings and damages leaves. The leaf hoppers (Draculocephala cubana and<br />
Hortensia similis) damage and deform leaves of trees in the Caribbean. Larvae of<br />
Conchylodes diptherali bore into concealed areas of the tree to feed. Ants commonly<br />
infest the swollen nodes of the lateral branches in Central and S. America, but cause no<br />
significant damage to planted seedlings. The tree is very susceptible to various defoliators.<br />
More than 212 insect taxa were found on C. alliodora in Panama, none causing<br />
serious injury.<br />
Other Pests: Birds and rodents destroy much of the seed in exposed areas. Extracts<br />
from a grass (Melinis minutiflora) has adverse effects on seedling growth of C. alliodora.<br />
Diseases: C. alliodora is susceptible to canker-causing rust (Puccina cordiae), attacking<br />
at the base of <strong>yo</strong>ung branches, in the West Indies, Guatemala, and South America.<br />
A black fungal or viral canker of an unknown species, causing severe damage to nodes<br />
on main stems of C. alliodora, has been reported from the Pacific. Leaf spot disease<br />
attacks nursery seedlings in Puerto Rico.<br />
References: CATIE, 1992; Liegel and Stead, 1990; Webb et aI., 1984.<br />
Species: Cupania americana L.<br />
Creole Name: satanye<br />
Family: Sapindaceae<br />
Insect Pests: Homoptera species feed on trees, causing twig mortality, in Puerto Rico.<br />
Lepidopteran caterpillars defoliate lightly in Puerto Rico. Unidentified insect larvae<br />
destroy seeds in Puerto Rico. The wet-wood termite (Nasutitermes costalis Holmgren)
Change language