Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

Pests and Diseases 163
Species: Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Creole Name: mapou
Family: Bombacaceae
Insect Pests: Defoliators include: Perieallia ricini Fabr., Oiketieus kirbiyi Guilding,
Bueeulatrix spp., Eulepidotis modestula Herrich-Schaeffer, Ephyriades areas Drury,
and Diaprepes abbreviatus L. in Puerto Rico and India. Seed eaters include: Dysdereus
andreae L. and D. bimaeulatus in Puerto Rico. Tree girdlers include: Analeptes trifasciata
Fabr. and Paranaleptes retieulata Thoms in Africa. Other insect pests have been
reported including 9 Coleoptera, 11 Hemiptera, 6 Lepidoptera and 1 Thysanoptera
species around the world.
Other Pests: The tree is a host to parasitic plants (Dendropthoe faleata, Loranthus
spp.).
Diseases: Twenty-eight pathogenic fungi of the following genera have been reported to
attack the tree: Armillaria, Caloneetria, Camillea, Cereospora, Chaetothyrium,
Coniothyrium, Cortieum, Corynespora, Daldinia, Fomes, Glomerella, Phllostieta,
Physalospora, Polyprous, Polystietus, Pyenoporus, Ramularia, Sehizophyllum,
Septoria, Thanatephorus, and Ustulina. The following viruses attack kapok: Cacao
virus lA, Ie, and 1M, Swollen Shoot, Offa Igbo (Nigeria) and viruses that also attack
Adansonia digitata.
References: Chinea-Rivera, 1990; Duke, 1989.
Species: Chrysophyllum eainito L.
Creole Name: kaymit
Family: Sapotaceae
Disease: An unidentified fungal pathogen shrivels immature fruit in Florida.
Reference: Mortensen and Bullard, 1970.
Species: Citharexylum frutieosum L.
Creole Name: madam klod
Family: Verbenaceae
Insect Pests: The lepidopteran pest (Pyrausta eertata E) occasionally defoliates the
tree in Puerto Rico. Insects ofthe orders Homoptera, Isoptera and Lepidoptera also feed
on the tree. The dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker), and rarely the wetwood
termite (Nasutitermes eostalis), attack the wood.
Diseases: Heart rot fungi attack old trees.
Other Pests: Mistletoe is common in Puerto Rico.
Reference: Francis, 1990d.
Species: Citrus spp.
Creole Names: zoranj, sitwon, chadek
Family: Rutaceae
Insect Pests: The cottony cushion scale (Ieerya purehasi Mask.) and the citrus snow
scale (Unaspis eitri Comstock) infest leaves and twigs in Haiti. An additional 23 species
of scales and mealybugs are widespread where Citrus is cultivated. The citrus rust mite
(Phylloeoptruta oleivora Ashm.) and citrus red mite (Paratetranyehus eitri MeG.)
attack all green parts ofthe plant. The citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantium B. de E) shrivels
young leaves, reduces vigor, and promotes development of black sooty mold.