Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

162 Pests and Diseases
Species: Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours.
Creole Name: chenn
Family: Bignoniaceae >
Insect Pests: Caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) tie leaves together prior to pupation
and defoliate in Haiti. A tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Cassidenae) is a common defoliator
of nursery seedlings and mature trees in Haiti. The wet-wood termite (Nasutitermes
spp.) and the dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker) consume dead wood in
Puerto Rico. The citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantium B. de F.) shrivels young leaves,
reduces vigor, and promotes development of black sooty mold in Haiti. Aphids are an
occasional problem of nurseries in Haiti.
Diseases: Notable fungal diseases observed among tree nurseries in Haiti include: leaf
spot (Alternaria, Botrytis and Cercospora); anthracnose (Collectotrichum); and an
unidentified aphid-borne virus that causes leaves of young seedlings to shrivel with
mosaic-type symptoms.
References: Francis, 1990c; Josiah and Allen-Reid, 1991; Runion et aI., 1990;
Tourigny, 1987.
Species: Cecropia peltata L.
Creole Name: twompet
Family: Moraceae
Insect Pests: Larvae of several species (Correbidia terminalis, Gynaecia dirce, Historis
odious, Prepodes spp., and Sylepta salicalis) defoliate the seedling and sapling stages
and cause heavy damage to leaves of mature trees. The cotton aphid (Aphisgossypii)
commonly is observed on leaves of the tree in Puerto Rico.
Other Pests: Vines of Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae and Malpighiaceae strangle saplings
in S. America.
Reference: Silander and Lugo, 1990.
Species: Cedrela odorata L.
Creole Name: sed
Family: Meliaceae
Insect Pests: The citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantium B. de F.) shrivels young leaves,
reduces vigor, and promotes development of black sooty mold in Haiti. The mahogany
shoot borer (Hypsipyla grandella Zeller), common throughout the species' natural
range, bores into buds, shoots, and stems, causing death in the apical meristem. Jumping
plant lice (Coelocara ernestii) attack the tree in the Caribbean. The termite (Neotermes
castaneus) attacks both live and dead wood in Central American and the Caribbean.
Beetle damage is a problem on some plantations in Africa.
Other Pests: Snails and slugs cause damage to plantations in Malaysia, Africa, and the
Virgin Islands.
Diseases: Fungal diseases of seedling nurseries in Haiti include: leaf spot (Alternaria
and Cercospora), anthracnose, and stem blight (Colletotrichum). An unidentified aphidborne
virus causes leaves of young seedlings to shrivel with mosaic-type symptoms in
Haiti. Dieback of previously healthy 1-2 year old stands is a common phenomenon in
Central America and the Caribbean, characterized by poor crowns going out of leaf at
frequent intervals, dead-looking bark, and dieback from the top.
References: CATIE, 1992; Cintron, 1990; Marshall, 1939; Runion et aI., 1990.