Bwa-yo - Société Audubon Haiti

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160 Pests and Diseases Species: Bucida buceras L. Creole Name: bwa grigri Family: Combretaceae Insect Pests: An unidentified mite species causes horn-shaped gall in the Caribbean. A whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) attacks the tree in Florida. Marine borers (Toredo spp.) and wet-wood termites (Nasutitermes spp.) attack the wood in Puerto Rico. Reference: Francis, 1989a. Species: Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. Creole Name: gomye Family: Burseraceae Insect Pests: Several species of Homoptera feed on leaves and twigs in Puerto Rico. Ambrosia beetles (Xyleborus spp. and Platypus spp.) attack green logs in Puerto Rico. Powder post beetles (Lyctus spp.) attack seasoned lumber. Wood borers (Lagochirus araneiformis L.) feed on live and dead wood in Puerto Rico. Termites (Incisitermes snyderi Light, Cryptotermes brevis Walker, Nasutitermes costalis Holmgren, and Neotermes castaneus) attack both live and dead wood in the Caribbean. Reference: Francis, 1990a. Species: Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) HBK. Creole Name: lian towo Family: Malpighiaceae Insect Pests: Several species of Coleoptera, Homoptera, and Lepidoptera, including Megalopye krugii Dewitz, defoliate trees in Puerto Rico. The dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker) and marine borers (Toredo spp.) attack the wood. Reference: Francis, 1990b. Species: Calliandra calothyrsus Meissen Creole Name: kaliandra Family: Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) Insect Pests: A undetermined stem borer, similar to the mahogany shoot borer (Hypsipyla robusta), attacks the tree in the Philippines. Reference: Luego, 1989. Species: Calophyllum calaba L. Creole Name: damari Family: Clusiaceae (=Guttiferae) Insect Pests: Marine borers (Toredo spp.), the dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker), and the subterranean termites (Heterotermes convexinotatus, H. tennis, and Nasutitermes corniger) attack the wood in Panama. Neodryocetes devius attacks the tree in the Caribbean. An unidentified seed borer has been reported in Puerto Rico. Thrips cause splotches on leaves and premature defoliation in Puerto Rico. Diseases: Wilt (Cephalosporium sp.) induces gummosis ofvascular tissue as evidenced by dry branches in the tree top, followed by chlorotic foliage and death of the tree in Central America. Thread blight (possibly Corticium stevensii) and a root fungus (possibly Rosellinia sp.) occur in Trinidad. References: CATIE, 1992; Weaver, 1990a.
Pests and Diseases 161 Species: Carica papaya L. Creole Name: papay Family: Caricaceae Diseases: A virus related to the cucurbit mosaic and transmitted by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) from cucumbers and watermelons causes a bitter flavor in fruits. Anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) enters wounds in ripe fruit. Dieback by an unidentified pathogen attacks crowns and leaves, causing rot. Stem end rot (Ascochyta caricae) affects young fruits, causing premature fruit drop and attacks mature fruit as black circular spots. Root rot (Phytophtora spp.) results in wilt and eventual death. The powdery mildew (Oidium spp.) attacks leaves of seedlings under humid, poorly-ventilated conditions. References: Mortensen and Bullard, 1970; Tourigny, 1987. Species: Casuarina equisetifolia L. ex J.R. & G. Forst. Creole Names: bwa pen, pich pen, kazowina Family: Casuarinaceae Insect Pests: A stem borer (Apate monachus) attacks both living and dead wood, retarding growth, deforming trunks, and making them susceptible to breakage in high winds in Central America and the Caribbean. A buprestid beetle (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) feeds on the inner bark and outer wood tissues of the stem and a cossid moth (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) bores into the stems of trees in the Philippines. The larvae of an undetermined twig-girdling insect bore into the stem and feed on the stem bark and cambial tissues in the· Philippines. Long-horned beetles (Neoclytus cordifer and Chloridafestiva) attack trees in Central America. The stingless bee (Trigonia silvestriana) wounds trees by cutting bark incisions. Larvae of Bootamomyia infest seed in the Caribbean. Nymphs of the spittle bug (Clasoptera undulata) suck sap from flowers, leaves, stems, and soft branches. Other insect pests include: crickets and grasshoppers (Chondracis rosea, Schistocerca gregaria), a defoliator (Lymantia xylina), and sap feeders (Icerya spp.). Several species of ants eat the seed, hampering sowing success in the nursery, and inhibiting natural regeneration of the species worldwide. The species is vulnerable to crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) that clip seedling stems or defoliate in the nursery. Twig girdlers attack the tree in southern Florida, cutting off new shoots and branches, resulting in deformed stems. Major seedling pests in India are the cricket (Brachytrupes achatinus), a bark-eating caterpillar (Arbela tetronis), a longicorn (Coelosterna scabrata), and grubs of the rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinocerus). Diseases: Notable fungal diseases observed among tree nurseries in Haiti include: the powdery mildew (Oidium spp.) that attacks leaves of seedlings under humid, poorlyventilated conditions; foliar blights (Alternaria, Cercospora, and Phytophtora); and root rot (Pythium, Phytophtora, and Rhizoctonia). Trees grown in unfavorable conditions succumb to major root diseases caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum, Trichosporium vesiculorum, and Rhizoctonia spp., particularly on wet and poorlydrained sites. The mushroom root rot (Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Bres.) causes a high rate of mortality on sandy soils in S. Florida. Dieback and stem canker caused by Diplodia natalensis occur in southern Florida and Puerto Rico. References: Brazza, 1987a; Brazza, 1988a; CATIE, 1992; Josiah and Allen-Reid, 1991; Morton, 1980; NFTA 1990; Runion et al., 1990; Tourigny, 1987.
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BWAYO: IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI
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BWA YO: IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI Jo
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Foreword Acknowledgments Introducti
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Acknowledgments No book is ever the
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PART I IMPORTANT TREES OF HAITI
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1 Bayawonn· Species: Prosopis juli
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Bayawonn S with calorific values ra
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Bavawonn 7 Table 1.2 Equations used
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Bayawonn 11 Figure 1.9 The graceful
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2 Bwa PIe Species: Colubrina arbore
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Figure 2.4 The fast-growing, tall,
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ity in the type of cash crops that
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Bwa Pie 19 Biomass Studies: Ehrlich
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Figure 3.1 C. alliodora selected as
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Figure 3.3 C. alliodora grows tall
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Figure 4.1 A mature C. longissima,
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30 Chenn Figure 4.2 Stands of C. lo
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32 Chenn The poles commonly are har
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34 Chenn limited number of seedling
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Figure 4.10 ... and 4 years later,
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5 Fwenn Species: Simarouba glauca D
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Figure 5.3 S. berteroana, showing t
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Fwenn 43 Figure 5.5 Natural regener
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Figure 6.1 A mature S. mahagoni she
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Figure 6.4 S. mahagoni is deciduous
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52 Kajou PeyieeeKajou Efranje direc
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Figure 7.1 R. borinquena is an impo
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S8 Palmis Figure 7.2 R. borinquena
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60 Palmis markets as a cheaper subs
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Figure 8.1 C. odorata planted in a
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64 Sid The species is not demanding
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66 Sed temperature of4° C for up t
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o NO LEAYES G.J LEAF BUDS 0 YOUNG L
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9 Tavello Species: Lysiloma sabicu
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Figure 9.3 L. sabicu is traditional
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76 Tal/eno Figure 9.7 Three-year-ol
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80 Kokoye Figure 10.2 The most comm
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Figure 10.7 A healthy snack of coco
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Kokoye 85 probably is exacerbated b
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11 Mango Species: Mangifera indica
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Figure 11.2 Mango thrives in Haiti
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Figure 11.9 The commercial 'Corne'
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12 Sitwon...Zoranj...Chadek Species
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Sitwon...Zoranj ...Chadek 97 La Cha
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Sitwon ...Zoranj ... Chadek 101 Fig
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Sitwon...Zoranj ...Chadik 103 Table
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13 Zaboka Species: Persea americana
Page 117 and 118: REGION Savanette Pignon Comillon Sa
Page 119 and 120: Zaboka 109 after germination. Seedl
Page 121 and 122: 14 Kasya Species: Senna siamea (Lam
Page 124 and 125: 114 Kasva Table 14.1 Proximate anal
Page 127 and 128: Figure 14.8 A four-year-old provena
Page 129: 15 Lisina...Delen Subspecies: Leuca
Page 132 and 133: 122 Lisina ... Delen Figure 15.4 Th
Page 134: 124 Lisina ...Delen Figure 15.6 Leu
Page 138 and 139: 128 Lisina ••• Delen 28 MONTH
Page 140 and 141: 130 Lisina... Delen Figure 15.11 L.
Page 142 and 143: Figure 16.1 This 26-year-old specim
Page 144 and 145: 134 Him ODH, and Agridyne, Inc. In
Page 146 and 147: 136 Nim Figure 16.4 A. indica is pl
Page 148 and 149: 138 Nim Table 16.1 Proximate analys
Page 152 and 153: 142 Nim Figure 16.8 Widely-spaced d
Page 154 and 155: Figure 17.1 G. sepium is a popular
Page 156: 146 Piyon Distribution and Ecology:
Page 159: Piyon 149 Table 17.2 Equations used
Page 163: 18 Pests and Diseases Damaging agen
Page 167: Pests and Diseases 159 Species: Avi
Page 171 and 172: Pests and Diseases 163 Species: Cei
Page 173 and 174: Pests and Diseases 165 including Ar
Page 175 and 176: Pests and Diseases 167 feeds on dea
Page 177 and 178: Pests and Diseases 169 Species: Gli
Page 179: Pests and Diseases 171 Species: Lag
Page 182 and 183: 174 Pests and Diseases Species: Mel
Page 184 and 185: 176 Pesfs and Diseases genic fungi
Page 186 and 187: 178 Pests and Diseases Species: Sen
Page 188 and 189: 180 Pests and Diseases sume dead br
Page 191: 19 Wood Properties and Energy Value
Page 197 and 198: Wood Properties 189 SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 199 and 200: Wood Propert'ies 191 SPECIES WOOD C
Page 204: 196 Wood Properties SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 210 and 211: 202 Wood Properfies SPECIES WOOD CH
Page 215: 20 Medicinal Uses Trees have provid
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210 Medicinal Uses SPECIES MEDICINA
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SPECIES MEDICINAL USES Piper aduncu
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SPECIES MEDICINAL USES Medicinal Us
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236 Tree Names APOCYNACEAE SPECIES
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SPECIES Calyptronoma rivalis (Cook)
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242 Tree Names SPECIES Bua orellana
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244 Tree Names SPECIES Bursera glau
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SPECIES SYNONYMS COMBRETACEAE Termi
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254 Tree Names SPECIES Jatropha cur
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258 Tree Names SPECIES Calliandra c
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SPECIFS Machaerium lunatum (L.) Duc
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266 Tree Names SPECIES SYNONYMS FLA
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268 Tree Names SPECIES Ocotea membr
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272 Tree Names SPECIES Mecranium re
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274 Tree Names MENISPERMAC,EAE SPEC
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MYRTACEAE SPECIES SYNONYMS COMMON N
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280 Tree Names SPECIES Eugenia unif
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282 Tree Names SPECIES Psidium guaj
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SPECIES Stegnosperma cubense A. Ric
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SPECIES Coccoloba samanensis Schm.
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292 Tree Names SPECIES Citrus limon
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300 Tree Names SPECIES Cleyera vacc
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302 Tree Names SPECIES Avicennia ge
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CREOLE NAME bwa kaka bwakalson bwa}
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310 .Creole Names CREOLE NAME bwa s
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312 Creole Names •• D •• CO
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314 Creole Names COMMON NAME SPECIE
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COMMON NAME kachiman zombi kafe kaf
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COMMON NAME kaymit fran kaymit jade
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322 Creole Names •• JL •• C
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324 Creole Names COMMON NAME mang m
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326 Creole Names •• N •• CO
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COMMON NAME rezen bouzen rezen le r
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Creole Names 333 COMMON NAME· SPEC
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344 References Little, E. L., R O.
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348 References Theobald, W. 1989. C
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350 References Young, H. E. 1976. A
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352 Index acajou etranger, 47, 273
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JS4 Index amor seco, 265 amor y cel
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astard breadnut, 275 bastard cabbag
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uis de sable, 253 bulbstern yucca,
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camaron, 249 camasey, 271, 272 cama
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368 Index Cedrela occidentalis, 63,
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372 Index coma, 293, 296 coma blanc
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374 Index Cupressus glauca, 249 Cup
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Eugenia albimarginata, 278 Eugenia
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gomme baume, 285 gommier, 244, 256
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guayabilla, 265 guayabillo, 280 gua
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.390 Index LeptogolJum domingense,
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396 Index miraguano, 239,240 mirto,
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398 Index Neobuchia paulinae, 242,
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400 Index palo bobo, 243, 248 palo
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piman dlo, 327 piment d'eau, 273 P(
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406 Index Protium glaucescens, 244
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408 Index Rhamnus ellipticus, 287 .
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414 Index Thouinidium inaequilateru
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Bwa Yo: Important Trees of Haiti De
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