Complete volume with articles 1 to 35 - Cucurbit Breeding - North ...
Complete volume with articles 1 to 35 - Cucurbit Breeding - North ... Complete volume with articles 1 to 35 - Cucurbit Breeding - North ...
Variation Among Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Cultivars in Susceptibility to Silverleaf Donald N. Maynard Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Bradenton, FL 34203 Silverleaf is a distinctive disorder that has been observed on Cucurbita pepo, C. moschata, and C. maxima plants. Affected leaves are uniformly silver on the upper surface. Silverleaf is developmentally reversible so that silver and normal leaves may appear on the same plant. The disorder was first noted in Israel in the 1960s and was first reported in the literature in the 1980s (Paris et al., 1987) and was associated with drought stress. Scattered reports of silverleaf from Miami- Dade County, Florida occurred prior to a major outbreak in 1987-88 season in several south Florida production areas (Maynard and Cantliffe, 1989). Symptoms are caused by feeding of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) nymphs (Yokomi et al., 1990) and exacerbated by drought stress (Paris et al., 1993b). Squash plant introductions from the U.S. National Germplasm System were evaluated for silverleaf Table 1. Incidence and severity of silverleaf in tropical pumpkin cultivars. resistance in naturally silverleaf whitefly infested fields in Puerto Rico in 1992, 1995, and 1996 (Wessel-Beaver, 1997). Those showing a high level of resistance included 14 of 420 C. moschata accessions, 69 of 350 C. pepo accessions and 7 of 405 C. maxima accessions. These results suggest the possibility of breeding for resistance to silverleaf. Differential susceptibility to silverleaf among summer squash (C. pepo) cultivars has been reported (Paris et al., 1993a, 1993c). Cocozelle types had less silverleaf than crookneck, scallop, straightneck or zucchini types and vegetable marrow types were intermediate in silverleaf susceptibility. The least susceptible cultivars were ‘Striato d’ Italia’, ‘Kokacella’, ‘Bar’ Oz’ and ‘Sih’i Lavan’ that all originated in the Old World whereas cultivars developed in the new World were most susceptible to silverleaf. Season Season 1 2 1 2 Cultivar (%) Severity 1 Borinquen 90 100 4.0 4.0 Linea C Pinta 90 100 3.0 4.0 Soler 85 100 3.0 4.0 La Primera 35 75 1.6 1.0 La Segunda 25 0 1.8 0.0 L18-4 53 0 1.3 0.0 1 0 none to 4 severe silverleaf Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 24:71-72 (2001) 71
Variation among tropical pumpkin cultivars in respect to silverleaf susceptibility was noted in fields that were naturally infested with the silverleaf whitefly in two consecutive seasons at Bradenton, Florida (Table 1). ‘Borinquen’, ‘Linea C. Pinta’, and ‘Soler’ which were developed in Puerto Rico had a high incidence of severe silverleaf in both seasons. ‘Soler’ was also found to be highly susceptible to silverleaf in studies conducted in Puerto Rico (Wessel-Beaver, 1997). On the other hand, ‘La Primera’, ‘La Segunda’, and L18-4 (a compact plant inbred) all developed in Florida had a much lower silverleaf incidence and plants were less severely affected. Thus, the cultivar and geographical origin relationships noted (Paris et al., 1993a, 1993c) in C. pepo occurs in C. moschata as well. Although the reasons for the relationships are unclear at this time, they do offer guidance for selection of parents in breeding programs. Literature Cited 1. Maynard, D. N. and D. J. Cantliffe. 1989. Squash silverleaf and tomato irregular ripening: Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 24:71-72 (2001) New vegetable disorders in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. VC-37. 2. Paris, H. S., H. Nerson, and Y. Burger. 1987. Leaf silvering of Cucurbita. Can. J. Plant Sci. 67: 593-598. 3. Paris, H. S., P. J. Stoffella, and C. A. Powell. 1993a. Susceptibility to leaf silvering in the cultivar groups of summer squash. Euphytica. 69: 69-73. 4. Paris, H. S., P. J. Stoffella, and C. A. Powell. 1993b. Sweetpotato whitefly, drought stress, and leaf silvering of squash. HortScience. 28: 157- 158. 5. Paris, H. S., P. J. Stoffella, and C. A. Powell. 1993c. Differential susceptibility to leaf silvering in Cucurbita pepo. HortScience. 28: 657-658. 6. Wessel-Beaver, L. 1997. Screening for silverleaf resistance in Cucurbita accessions. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. Rpt. 20: 54-56. 7. Yokami, R. K., K. A. Hoelmer, and L. S. Osborne. 1990. Relationships between the sweetpotato whitefly and the squash silverleaf disorder. Phytopathology. 80: 895-900. 72
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Variation Among Tropical Pumpkin (<strong>Cucurbit</strong>a moschata) Cultivars in<br />
Susceptibility <strong>to</strong> Silverleaf<br />
Donald N. Maynard<br />
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Braden<strong>to</strong>n, FL 34203<br />
Silverleaf is a distinctive disorder that has been<br />
observed on <strong>Cucurbit</strong>a pepo, C. moschata, and C.<br />
maxima plants. Affected leaves are uniformly<br />
silver on the upper surface. Silverleaf is<br />
developmentally reversible so that silver and<br />
normal leaves may appear on the same plant.<br />
The disorder was first noted in Israel in the 1960s<br />
and was first reported in the literature in the 1980s<br />
(Paris et al., 1987) and was associated <strong>with</strong> drought<br />
stress. Scattered reports of silverleaf from Miami-<br />
Dade County, Florida occurred prior <strong>to</strong> a major<br />
outbreak in 1987-88 season in several south Florida<br />
production areas (Maynard and Cantliffe, 1989).<br />
Symp<strong>to</strong>ms are caused by feeding of silverleaf<br />
whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) nymphs (Yokomi et<br />
al., 1990) and exacerbated by drought stress (Paris<br />
et al., 1993b).<br />
Squash plant introductions from the U.S. National<br />
Germplasm System were evaluated for silverleaf<br />
Table 1. Incidence and severity of silverleaf in tropical pumpkin cultivars.<br />
resistance in naturally silverleaf whitefly infested<br />
fields in Puer<strong>to</strong> Rico in 1992, 1995, and 1996<br />
(Wessel-Beaver, 1997). Those showing a high<br />
level of resistance included 14 of 420 C. moschata<br />
accessions, 69 of <strong>35</strong>0 C. pepo accessions and 7 of<br />
405 C. maxima accessions. These results suggest<br />
the possibility of breeding for resistance <strong>to</strong><br />
silverleaf.<br />
Differential susceptibility <strong>to</strong> silverleaf among<br />
summer squash (C. pepo) cultivars has been<br />
reported (Paris et al., 1993a, 1993c). Cocozelle<br />
types had less silverleaf than crookneck, scallop,<br />
straightneck or zucchini types and vegetable<br />
marrow types were intermediate in silverleaf<br />
susceptibility. The least susceptible cultivars were<br />
‘Stria<strong>to</strong> d’ Italia’, ‘Kokacella’, ‘Bar’ Oz’ and ‘Sih’i<br />
Lavan’ that all originated in the Old World whereas<br />
cultivars developed in the new World were most<br />
susceptible <strong>to</strong> silverleaf.<br />
Season Season<br />
1 2 1 2<br />
Cultivar (%) Severity 1<br />
Borinquen 90 100 4.0 4.0<br />
Linea C Pinta 90 100 3.0 4.0<br />
Soler 85 100 3.0 4.0<br />
La Primera <strong>35</strong> 75 1.6 1.0<br />
La Segunda 25 0 1.8 0.0<br />
L18-4 53 0 1.3 0.0<br />
1 0 none <strong>to</strong> 4 severe silverleaf<br />
<strong>Cucurbit</strong> Genetics Cooperative Report 24:71-72 (2001)<br />
71
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