Complete volume with articles 1 to 35 - Cucurbit Breeding - North ...
Complete volume with articles 1 to 35 - Cucurbit Breeding - North ... Complete volume with articles 1 to 35 - Cucurbit Breeding - North ...
The fact that there was no difference between the tray dip with Fusarium wilt and the tray dip with water is also not completely unexpected. Similar observations have been seen with uninoculated watermelon plants placed in high humidity/high temperature incubation chambers where these plants have reacted in a similar fashion to those that have been inoculated with a foliar pathogen prior to placement in the incubation chamber. Although the syringe with Fusarium wilt inoculum had a lower disease reaction compared to the tray dip with or without inoculum, it was better than the syringe with water alone. Based on these results and the logistics of having to deal with such a large collection with a limited supply of inoculum, it was decided the syringe method would be better for our needs. Literature Cited Cirulli, M. 1972. Variation of pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and resistance in watermelon cultivars. Actas Congr. Union Fitopathol. Mediter. Oeiras., 3rd p. 491-500. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 24:49-51 (2001) Hopkins, D.L., R.P. Larkin, and G.W. Elmstrom. 1987. Cultivar-specific induction of soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Phytopathology 77:607-611. Hopkins, D.L. R.J. Lobinske, and R.P. Larkin. 1992. Selection for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 in monocultures of watermelon cultivars resistant to Fusarium wilt. Phytopathology 82:290-293. Martyn, R.D. 1987. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2: A highly aggressive race new to the United States. Plant Dis. 71:233-236. Martyn, R.D. and D. Netzer. 1991. Resistance to races 0, 1, and 2 of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Citrullus sp. PI-296341-FR. HortScience 26:429-432. Netzer, D. and R.D. Martyn. 1989. PI-296341, a source of resistance in watermelon to race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Plant Dis. 64:853-854. Sumner, D.R. and A.W. Johnson. 1973. Effect of root-knot nematodes on Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Phytopathology 63:857-861. 51
Characterization of a New Male Sterile Mutant in Watermelon Dong-Hoon Yang Breeding and Research Station, Hungnong Seed Company, Jeongjung, Kangwae, Chungwon, Chungbuk, 363-950, Republic of Korea Kee-Yoeup Paek and Ju-Kwang Hwang Department of Horticulture, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea Hyo-Keun Park Department of Horticulture, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Republic of Korea Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai, is an important crop worldwide. Hybrid cultivars are replacing open pollinated cultivars because hybrids are thought to have higher yield and quality, and more uniform fruit size. However, the cost of hybrid seed is much higher than that of openpollinated seed because of extra labor required for controlled pollination in producing hybrid seed. Male sterility has been found in many crop plants, and has been used to reduce the costs of hybrid seed production (Kaul, 1988). The first male sterility in watermelon was reported by Watts (1962) who found a male sterile mutant in the X2 generation of 'Sugar Baby' irradiated with gamma rays. The mutant was described as a glabrous male sterile (gms) due to the associated lack of hairs on the plant foliage (Watts, 1962). Glabrousness and male sterility were inherited together as a single recessive nuclear gene, suggesting very close linkage or a pleiotropic effect of the locus involved (Watts, 1967). The gms gene not only disrupts the male reproductive function, but also reduces female reproduction (Watts, 1967). Therefore, there has been little commercial application of the gms gene (Zang et al., 1994). A second male sterile mutant was reported by Zang et al. (1990). Two spontaneous male sterile mutants were found in a self-pollinated population of a commercial cultivar 'Nongmei 100' in China in 1983. These mutants were sib-mated and used to develop breeding line G17AB, which has desirable agronomic traits (Zang et al., 1990). In contrast to the gms trait, the Chinese male sterile line contains no gross morphological differences between sterile and fertile plants (Zang et al., 1990). Female fertility of the Chinese male sterile mutant is normal and there is stability for male-sterile and female-fertile characters despite varying environmental conditions (Zang et Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 24:52-58 (2001) al., 1994). The Chinese male sterile mutation was inherited as a single recessive nuclear gene (Zang et al., 1990), and assigned the gene symbol, ms (or ms-1 if additional loci were identified). The cytological phenomenon associated with male sterility in the Chinese male sterile line is the lack of the tapetum, and tetrads that do not form (Zang et al., 1994). In the study presented here, we investigate the characteristics of a new male sterile mutant found in Korea. Methods. A third occurrence of male sterility was observed as a mutant in a breeding line, unrelated to the glabrous male sterility and Chinese male sterility in 1998 in Korea. This line originated from a cross between the commercial hybrid cultivar 'Fiesta' (Syngenta) and a breeding line with high quality, HL229 (Hungnong Seed Co.). A male sterile mutant was found in the progeny during self-pollination to develop inbred lines. Five plants in a population of twenty failed to set fruit from self-pollinated flowers. The anthers of the five plants were smaller than those of their sibs, and they usually failed to dehisce. Microscopic examination disclosed that they contained no viable pollen. This investigation was initiated to study the genetics of the the new male sterile mutant. Five male sterile plants set fruits readily when pollinated by fertile sibs. Five progenies were obtained from the five male sterile plants after cross-pollination with five of their fifteen fertile sibs. In addition, self-pollinated progenies were obtained from fifteen fertile sibs. A check watermelon line, heterozygous for the Chinese male sterile gene, ms, was kindly provided by Dr. G. E. Tolla, Seminis Vegetable Seeds / Asgrow Brand, USA. 52
- Page 11 and 12: Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Finan
- Page 13 and 14: Table 1. The composition of culture
- Page 15 and 16: Prezygotic barriers have previously
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- Page 23 and 24: concentration of NAA (0.1 mg/l) wit
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- Page 27 and 28: Table 2. Shoot induction efficiency
- Page 29 and 30: Figure 1. The viability of Cucumis
- Page 31 and 32: Gynogenesis in a Dihaploid Line of
- Page 33 and 34: Resistant Blister Reaction to Powde
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- Page 41 and 42: Table 1. F2 single factor segregati
- Page 43 and 44: of the loci (e.g., M7675, U13831, A
- Page 45 and 46: Table 1. Percentage of RAPD band pr
- Page 47 and 48: Inodorus Primer Casaba Honeydew Cha
- Page 49 and 50: Frequency of RAPD Polymorphisms in
- Page 51 and 52: BC551 76.6 92.9 38.5 20.5 38.9 42.2
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- Page 55 and 56: Table 1 (continued).z Cultivar Coun
- Page 57 and 58: Disease Severeity Rating Figure 1.
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- Page 79 and 80: Survey of Watermelon Trialing Metho
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The fact that there was no difference between the tray<br />
dip <strong>with</strong> Fusarium wilt and the tray dip <strong>with</strong> water is<br />
also not completely unexpected. Similar observations<br />
have been seen <strong>with</strong> uninoculated watermelon plants<br />
placed in high humidity/high temperature incubation<br />
chambers where these plants have reacted in a similar<br />
fashion <strong>to</strong> those that have been inoculated <strong>with</strong> a<br />
foliar pathogen prior <strong>to</strong> placement in the incubation<br />
chamber.<br />
Although the syringe <strong>with</strong> Fusarium wilt inoculum<br />
had a lower disease reaction compared <strong>to</strong> the tray dip<br />
<strong>with</strong> or <strong>with</strong>out inoculum, it was better than the<br />
syringe <strong>with</strong> water alone. Based on these results and<br />
the logistics of having <strong>to</strong> deal <strong>with</strong> such a large<br />
collection <strong>with</strong> a limited supply of inoculum, it was<br />
decided the syringe method would be better for our<br />
needs.<br />
Literature Cited<br />
Cirulli, M. 1972. Variation of pathogenicity in<br />
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and resistance in<br />
watermelon cultivars. Actas Congr. Union Fi<strong>to</strong>pathol.<br />
Mediter. Oeiras., 3rd p. 491-500.<br />
<strong>Cucurbit</strong> Genetics Cooperative Report 24:49-51 (2001)<br />
Hopkins, D.L., R.P. Larkin, and G.W. Elmstrom.<br />
1987. Cultivar-specific induction of soil<br />
suppressiveness <strong>to</strong> Fusarium wilt of watermelon.<br />
Phy<strong>to</strong>pathology 77:607-611.<br />
Hopkins, D.L. R.J. Lobinske, and R.P. Larkin. 1992.<br />
Selection for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race<br />
2 in monocultures of watermelon cultivars resistant <strong>to</strong><br />
Fusarium wilt. Phy<strong>to</strong>pathology 82:290-293.<br />
Martyn, R.D. 1987. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.<br />
niveum race 2: A highly aggressive race new <strong>to</strong> the<br />
United States. Plant Dis. 71:233-236.<br />
Martyn, R.D. and D. Netzer. 1991. Resistance <strong>to</strong><br />
races 0, 1, and 2 of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in<br />
Citrullus sp. PI-296341-FR. HortScience 26:429-432.<br />
Netzer, D. and R.D. Martyn. 1989. PI-296341, a<br />
source of resistance in watermelon <strong>to</strong> race 2 of<br />
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Plant Dis.<br />
64:853-854.<br />
Sumner, D.R. and A.W. Johnson. 1973. Effect of<br />
root-knot nema<strong>to</strong>des on Fusarium wilt of<br />
watermelon. Phy<strong>to</strong>pathology 63:857-861.<br />
51
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