Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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3/7 Fig. 1: Top: Elemental evaporation fluxes of Ga (blue), Cu (green), and In (red) depending on the spatial evaporation position for different final compositions (A,B,C). Bottom: Relative film composition during growth of the absorber layer (from left to right). Only layers with [Ga]/[In+Ga]=0.3 or lower (A, B) go through a Cu-rich phase during growth. [Ga]/[In+Ga]=0.2 [Ga]/[In+Ga]=0.3 Fig. 2: [Cu]/[In+Ga]-ratio during growth of CIGS absorber layer (from left to right) taking into account the geometry of the evaporation sources for final composition of [Ga]/[In+Ga]=0.2 (left) and [Ga]/[In+Ga]=0.3 (right). Large Area Flexible CIGS, D. Brémaud, ETH Zurich 81/290
Optimization of CdS chemical bath deposition (CBD) system for 30 x 30 cm 2 foils After having up-scaled the chemical bath deposition step by redesigning completely the deposition equipment, a reduction of the precursor concentrations per area of deposited layer by a factor of ~10 could be achieved while still yielding good surface (see report 2007). A flexible heating system was installed and optimized to control the temperature during the deposition reaction. A further optimization of the deposition reaction was then required to enhance the thickness homogeneity of CdS and to reduce particle generation which occur during the later stage as a precipitation of Cd(OH,S) particles. By modifying the concentration of precursor solution, adapting the movement speed for optimal solution mixing rate, and fine-tuning of the temperature control, homogenous CdS layers could be achieved on 25x25cm 2 big surfaces (see Fig. 3) � Fig. 3: Left: Initial inhomogeneous layers with particle precipitation. Right: Homogeneous layers without particle precipitation after optimization of several parameters. (Top: Top views; Bottom: side views) Alternative Back Contacts Because of the multilayer structure of the CIGS solar cells and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the involved materials and the substrates (especially flexible ones), the search for ideal materials and processes for stress reduction and adhesion improvements remains very crucial. The conventionally used electrical back contact (BC) consists of a molybdenum (Mo) layer, since it has shown the best results so far. However there are several motivations to replace the Mo back contact with alternative materials. One important motivation is surely to find a material that overcomes the disadvantages of Mo, like its expensive price or its inadequate thermal expansion coefficient for CIGS and most of the substrates, which would increase the adhesion of the absorber onto the back contact. Mo can also contribute to reduced performance stability due to easy oxidation in air, which is especially a troublesome matter for monolithically interconnected solar modules, due to corrosion of exposed Mo after the P2 scribing step. Large Area Flexible CIGS, D. Brémaud, ETH Zurich 82/290 4/7
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Forschung, April 2009 Programm Phot
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009
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B. Ruhstaller, R. Häusermann, N. A
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PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
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1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
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Eine zweite Kategorie von Projekten
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Im Integrierten EU-Projekt ATHLET [
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Figur 3: Prototyp eines monolithisc
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SOLARMODULE UND GEBÄUDEINTEGRATION
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BEGLEITENDE THEMEN Das PSI beteilig
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Programme abgeschlossen. Die erste
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Messkampagnen - Messkampagne Wittig
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zielführend eingesetzt werden. Das
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[43] P. Renaud, L. Perret, (pierre.
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11. Verwendete Abkürzungen (inkl.
Page 33 and 34: D. Güttler, S. Bücheler, S. Seyrl
Page 35 and 36: Goals of the project The global pro
Page 37 and 38: 1.2. Comparison of ZnO and SiOx int
Page 39 and 40: 2. Processes 2.1. Microcrystalline
Page 41 and 42: 3.2. Amorphous/amorphous silicon ta
Page 43 and 44: Fig.14: TEM cross section microcrys
Page 45 and 46: EQE 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 12.4 11.7 1
Page 47 and 48: 4.7 Summary and perspectives for wo
Page 49 and 50: Acknowledgements We thank all the P
Page 51 and 52: Goals of the project The goals of t
Page 54 and 55: Eidgenössisches Departement für U
Page 56: 3/3 on the front side. All the laye
Page 59 and 60: Introduction / Project Goals Prior
Page 64 and 65: 3/4 Effective light trapping scheme
Page 66 and 67: Département fédéral de l’envir
Page 68 and 69: 3/6 The Athlet consortium comprises
Page 70 and 71: 5/6 Large area thin-film silicon ce
Page 74 and 75: 3/4 Der verbesserte Lichteinfang is
Page 78 and 79: 3/5 Results Microstructure characte
Page 80: 5/5 Mechanical testing: The mechani
Page 83: Introduction / Project goals The fo
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 5: J-V curve (left) and extern
Page 92 and 93: 3/7 Work performed and results achi
Page 94 and 95: 5/7 Fig. 3: Raman spectra recorded
Page 96: 7/7 Measurements of solar cells per
Page 99 and 100: Introduction / project objectives T
Page 101 and 102: Optimum Na dosage Sodium layer with
Page 103 and 104: application might become more impor
Page 105 and 106: In a second experiment the amount o
Page 110 and 111: 3/9 After optimizing the In2S3 buff
Page 112 and 113: 5/9 Indium sulfide layer characteri
Page 114 and 115: 7/9 3) Semitransparent CIGS solar c
Page 116: 9/9 Steps towards multi-junction so
Page 121 and 122: Figure 2: SEM picture of laser-abla
Page 125 and 126: Work progress and achievements duri
Page 127 and 128: Furthermore, with a good reproducib
Page 129 and 130: Main achievements - The association
Page 131 and 132: Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/4 So far, experiments were perfor
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3/5 Tasks of the collaboration part
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5/5 Figure 4: Maximum achievable sh
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Project Goals The goal is the estab
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Evaluation 2008 and Outlook 2009 L'
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Project Goals NAPOLYDE industrials
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� Organic large solar panel and
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Materials such as the conductive ca
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National and international collabor
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Project Goals The aim of FULLSPECTR
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In addition, every two years, the P
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The table below show the change of
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The table below shows the change of
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4. The UV-A tests with PMMA films c
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Introduction / Project Goals The co
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Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of a
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THINPV Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/6 IR laser source Pumping line IR
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5/6 Figure 2: Scheme of a monolithi
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PECNET Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/10 Projektziele Dieses Forschungs
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5/10 und mit Stichworten katalogisi
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7/10 einer Vorverpflichtung mit rel
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9/10 NanoPEC Partner IEA HIA Annex
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Module und Gebäudeintegration T. S
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Einleitung / Projektziele Obwohl be
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ULTRALIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC STRUCTURES
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3/8 Task 2. Encapsulation of Si-bas
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5/8 Figure 9: polyester/glass fiber
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7/8 Figure 16: Flexible DSCmodule F
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Systemtechnik D. Chianese, N. Cereg
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Aim of the project The aim of the
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The short circuit current of each P
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TEST cycle 11 In 2008 a new 15 mont
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Evaluation 2008 and prospects for 2
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1. Traceable performance measuremen
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formed with two standard halogen la
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3. Modelling and analysis (SP4) 3.1
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Figure 3 shows a summary of the RR
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Projektziele für 2008 � Fortfüh
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Interessant ist die Beobachtung, da
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Wechselrichtertests Im Bereich der
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Stress limits for bypass diodes for
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Objectives SoS-PV (Security of Supp
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Finally, strategies for demand side
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~ Mains terminal Synchronisation &
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International collaboration SoS-PVi
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The cumulative installed PV power i
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5/5 Workshops Grid Parity & Beyond
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Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
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Dank der Projektdatenbank vom Task
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Nationale und internationale Zusamm
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Einleitung Anfangs 2008 konnte die
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Das Verfahren für Projektanträge
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Skizze - nicht eintreten 13% Gesuch
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Community Based Rural Income throug
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Licht für Bildung und Entwicklung
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 2 « PLANIFICATION,
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5/6 Conformément au plan de travai
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3. Durchgeführte Arbeiten und erre
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kg/m2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fassadenaufst
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3/5 Table 2: Sites used for benchma
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5/5 Figure 2: Example of forecasted
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2/6 Einleitung / Projektziele Der r
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4/6 Die Technical Standards (TS) zu
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6/6 Im Jahr 2008 neu publizierte No
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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Operational Level The networking ac
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Topical Areas: Complementarities, G
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International Cooperation According
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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