Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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Département fédéral de l’environnement, des transports, de l’énergie et de la communication DETEC Office fédéral de l’énergie OFEN FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAICS: NEXT GENERATION HIGH EFFICIENCY AND LOW COST THIN FILM SILICON MODULES Annual Report 2008 Author and Co-Authors F.-J. Haug Institution / Company Institute of Microtechnology / University of Neuchâtel Address Rue A.L. Breguet 2, 2000 Neuchâtel Telephone, E-mail, Homepage +41 (0)32 718 33 25, franz-josef.haug@epfl.ch Project- / Contract Number CTI 8809.2 Duration of the Project (from – to) 01.09.2007 - 31.08.<strong>2009</strong> Date 04.12.2008 ABSTRACT The CTI project 8809.2 is a collaboration between two partners, the company VHF Technologies, Yverdon, and the PV-Lab at the Institute of Microtechnology, Neuchâtel (IMT). The main points of the project are the development of a dielectric back reflector, a texturing process for the substrate, and the development of tandem processes using two stacked amorphous absorber layers which can yield higher stability against light induced degradation of the cells and lower interconnection losses. During 2008 the project was running closely to the anticipated schedule. 47/290
Goals of the project The goals of the project are three-fold; the most important task is the development of a dielectric back reflector for better electrical and optical matching between the metallic back contact and the silicon absorber layer. A second task addresses a texturing process for the substrate which yields enhanced absorption due to diffuse scattering of light at textured interfaces. Finally, a rather technological objective addresses the development of tandem processes using two stacked amorphous absorber layers which yields better stability against light induced degradation of the cells. Work performed in the reporting period 2008 DIELECTRIC REFLECTOR The idea of the dielectric back reflector is an enhanced reflection of the metallic back contact. FIG. 1 compares the theoretical reflection for typical back contact materials like silver and aluminium in contact to air, to ZnO, or directly to silicon. In case of silver there are only small differences between the three cases, but it turns out that the every day experience of good reflection from aluminium is only true for the case of reflection in air. When aluminium is in contact to ZnO or silicon, the reflection is drastically reduced. The effect is particularly severe for the wavelength region around 700 nm where a high reflection of the back reflector is essential for light trapping. IMT and Flexcell thus investigate the introduction of advanced back reflectors consisting of a double layer of metal and a dielectric material like ZnO. The beneficial effect of a dielectric reflector could be well documented at IMT. Also Flexcell have successfully manufactured cells with improved current density in their R&D line. Currently both partners investigate the compatibility with all other process steps of module fabrication. Reflection 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 400 600 800 1000 lambda [nm] R (air) R (ZnO) R (Si) Reflection 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 400 600 800 1000 lambda [nm] R (air) R (ZnO) R (Si) Fig. 1: Simulated reflection of silver (left) and aluminium (right) in contact to different materials (air, ZnO, silicon). SUBSTRATE STRUCTURING Substrate structuring is an essential for high efficiency solar cells based on thin film silicon; light scattering at structured interfaces prolongs the light path in the device which permits using thinner absorber layers. This is important in terms of production throughput, but also because the thin devices are more stable against light induced degradation of the amorphous silicon absorber layer. IMT tested the suitability of different substrate structures, and together with VHF and several external suppliers the feasibility of roll-to-roll production was assessed. Based on these results, the industrial partner VHF was able to decide which of the available options they will incorporate into their production. 48/290 Flexible photovoltaics: next generation high efficiency and low cost thin film silicon modules, F.-J. Haug, Institute of Microtechnology IMT 2/3
Page 1: Forschung, April 2009 Programm Phot
Page 4 and 5: Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009
Page 6 and 7: B. Ruhstaller, R. Häusermann, N. A
Page 8 and 9: PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
Page 10 and 11: 1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
Page 12 and 13: Eine zweite Kategorie von Projekten
Page 14 and 15: Im Integrierten EU-Projekt ATHLET [
Page 16 and 17: Figur 3: Prototyp eines monolithisc
Page 18 and 19: SOLARMODULE UND GEBÄUDEINTEGRATION
Page 20 and 21: BEGLEITENDE THEMEN Das PSI beteilig
Page 22 and 23: Programme abgeschlossen. Die erste
Page 24 and 25: Messkampagnen - Messkampagne Wittig
Page 26 and 27: zielführend eingesetzt werden. Das
Page 28 and 29: [43] P. Renaud, L. Perret, (pierre.
Page 30: 11. Verwendete Abkürzungen (inkl.
Page 33 and 34: D. Güttler, S. Bücheler, S. Seyrl
Page 35 and 36: Goals of the project The global pro
Page 37 and 38: 1.2. Comparison of ZnO and SiOx int
Page 39 and 40: 2. Processes 2.1. Microcrystalline
Page 41 and 42: 3.2. Amorphous/amorphous silicon ta
Page 43 and 44: Fig.14: TEM cross section microcrys
Page 45 and 46: EQE 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 12.4 11.7 1
Page 47 and 48: 4.7 Summary and perspectives for wo
Page 49: Acknowledgements We thank all the P
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Page 56: 3/3 on the front side. All the laye
Page 59 and 60: Introduction / Project Goals Prior
Page 64 and 65: 3/4 Effective light trapping scheme
Page 66 and 67: Département fédéral de l’envir
Page 68 and 69: 3/6 The Athlet consortium comprises
Page 70 and 71: 5/6 Large area thin-film silicon ce
Page 74 and 75: 3/4 Der verbesserte Lichteinfang is
Page 78 and 79: 3/5 Results Microstructure characte
Page 80: 5/5 Mechanical testing: The mechani
Page 83 and 84: Introduction / Project goals The fo
Page 85 and 86: Optimization of CdS chemical bath d
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Optimum Na dosage Sodium layer with
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application might become more impor
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In a second experiment the amount o
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/9 After optimizing the In2S3 buff
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5/9 Indium sulfide layer characteri
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7/9 3) Semitransparent CIGS solar c
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9/9 Steps towards multi-junction so
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Introduction / project objectives T
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Figure 2: SEM picture of laser-abla
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Introduction / project objectives T
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Work progress and achievements duri
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Furthermore, with a good reproducib
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Main achievements - The association
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Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
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3/4 So far, experiments were perfor
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3/5 Tasks of the collaboration part
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5/5 Figure 4: Maximum achievable sh
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Project Goals The goal is the estab
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Evaluation 2008 and Outlook 2009 L'
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Project Goals NAPOLYDE industrials
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� Organic large solar panel and
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Materials such as the conductive ca
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National and international collabor
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Project Goals The aim of FULLSPECTR
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In addition, every two years, the P
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The table below show the change of
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The table below shows the change of
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4. The UV-A tests with PMMA films c
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Introduction / Project Goals The co
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Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of a
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THINPV Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/6 IR laser source Pumping line IR
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5/6 Figure 2: Scheme of a monolithi
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PECNET Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/10 Projektziele Dieses Forschungs
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5/10 und mit Stichworten katalogisi
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7/10 einer Vorverpflichtung mit rel
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9/10 NanoPEC Partner IEA HIA Annex
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Module und Gebäudeintegration T. S
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Einleitung / Projektziele Obwohl be
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ULTRALIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC STRUCTURES
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3/8 Task 2. Encapsulation of Si-bas
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5/8 Figure 9: polyester/glass fiber
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7/8 Figure 16: Flexible DSCmodule F
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Systemtechnik D. Chianese, N. Cereg
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Aim of the project The aim of the
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The short circuit current of each P
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TEST cycle 11 In 2008 a new 15 mont
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Evaluation 2008 and prospects for 2
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1. Traceable performance measuremen
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formed with two standard halogen la
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3. Modelling and analysis (SP4) 3.1
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Figure 3 shows a summary of the RR
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Projektziele für 2008 � Fortfüh
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Interessant ist die Beobachtung, da
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Wechselrichtertests Im Bereich der
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Stress limits for bypass diodes for
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Objectives SoS-PV (Security of Supp
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Finally, strategies for demand side
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~ Mains terminal Synchronisation &
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International collaboration SoS-PVi
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The cumulative installed PV power i
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5/5 Workshops Grid Parity & Beyond
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Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
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Dank der Projektdatenbank vom Task
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Nationale und internationale Zusamm
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Einleitung Anfangs 2008 konnte die
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Das Verfahren für Projektanträge
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Skizze - nicht eintreten 13% Gesuch
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Community Based Rural Income throug
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Licht für Bildung und Entwicklung
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 2 « PLANIFICATION,
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5/6 Conformément au plan de travai
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3. Durchgeführte Arbeiten und erre
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kg/m2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fassadenaufst
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3/5 Table 2: Sites used for benchma
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5/5 Figure 2: Example of forecasted
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2/6 Einleitung / Projektziele Der r
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4/6 Die Technical Standards (TS) zu
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6/6 Im Jahr 2008 neu publizierte No
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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Operational Level The networking ac
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Topical Areas: Complementarities, G
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International Cooperation According
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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