Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Bundesamt für Energie BFE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT LUMINESCENT CONCENTRATORS BASED ON INORGANIC/ORGANIC NANOMATERIALS FOR APPLICATIONS IN SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION Annual Report 2008 Author and Co-Authors Dr. Dominik Brühwiler Institution / Company Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich Address Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich Telephone, E-mail, Homepage +41 (0) 44 635 46 30, bruehwi@aci.uzh.ch, http://www.aci.uzh.ch Project- / Contract Number KTI 9231.2 Duration of the Project (from – to) 01.05.2008 – 30.04.2010 Date 10.12.2008 ABSTRACT We are developing a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) based on thin dye-zeolite-polymer layers. Efficient energy transfer systems are obtained by including organic dye molecules in the linear channels of zeolite L crystals. By using these systems as light-absorbing and emitting LSC components, self-absorption and escape cone losses can be reduced. The strong confinement of the dye molecules in the zeolite channels is further expected to lead to enhanced stability. 163/290
Introduction / Project Goals The concept of the luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) dates back to the 1970s [1]. The basic principle of operation of a conventional LSC is illustrated in Fig. 1. The device consists of a transparent plate (usually polymethylmethacrylate PMMA) containing luminescent centers, which absorb light entering through the face of the plate. A fraction of the subsequently emitted photons is trapped by total internal reflection and guided to the edges of the plate. As the edge area of the plate is much smaller than the face area, the LSC operates as a concentrator of light. Fig. 1 Principle of operation of a LSC. Only one luminescent center is shown. In order to function as a concentrator, the face area needs to be larger than the edge area. Conventional LSCs suffer from a series of problems, which lead to low efficiencies and have prevented commercial application: � Self-absorption: Organic dyes with high fluorescence quantum yield generally feature a considerable overlap between absorption and emission spectra. An emitted photon with an energy corresponding to this spectral overlap has a high probability of being re-absorbed on its path towards the edge of the LSC plate. Successive re-absorption and re-emission steps lead to a larger path length and thus to a higher susceptibility towards the various loss mechanisms, including radiationless deactivation or emission into the escape cone. � Escape cone losses: The angle of the escape cone depends on the refractive index of the material. In the case of PMMA, an escape probability of 26 % is calculated for isotropic absorption and emission. � Stability: Problems with stability are mainly associated with the non-sufficient photostability of the luminescent centers. To become commercially viable, a LSC should be stable enough to ensure efficient operation over a period of more than 10 years. We have developed a concept based on dye-zeolite composites that has the potential of solving the above problems [2]. The goal of the project is the preparation of prototypes according to this new design concept and the evaluation of the performance of the devices. General Concept The use of zeolite L as a host system offers possibilities to obtain high local concentrations of supramolecularly organized monomeric dye molecules. Zeolite L is an aluminosilicate with onedimensional channels running parallel to the c-direction of the crystals (Fig. 2). The morphology of the crystals is typically cylindrical with channel entrances located at the base surfaces. A crystal with a diameter of 500 nm contains approximately 66'000 parallel channels. Dye molecules can be included by cation exchange or adsorption from the gas phase. As dye molecules cannot pass each other in the channels, sequential introduction of different dyes results in defined dye domains. This allows for a transport of electronic excitation energy along the channels by means of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) [3]. The supramolecular organization of the dyes in the zeolite channels and the option of extending this organization to the macroscopic scale by preparing layers of oriented crystals is at the center of our concept for an advanced LSC. Zeolite-polymer hybrid materials can be prepared with high transparency [4]. 164/290 Luminescent concentrators based on inorganic/organic nanomaterials, D. Brühwiler, University of Zurich 2/5
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Forschung, April 2009 Programm Phot
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009
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B. Ruhstaller, R. Häusermann, N. A
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PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
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1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
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Eine zweite Kategorie von Projekten
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Im Integrierten EU-Projekt ATHLET [
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Figur 3: Prototyp eines monolithisc
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SOLARMODULE UND GEBÄUDEINTEGRATION
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BEGLEITENDE THEMEN Das PSI beteilig
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Programme abgeschlossen. Die erste
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Messkampagnen - Messkampagne Wittig
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zielführend eingesetzt werden. Das
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[43] P. Renaud, L. Perret, (pierre.
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11. Verwendete Abkürzungen (inkl.
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D. Güttler, S. Bücheler, S. Seyrl
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Goals of the project The global pro
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1.2. Comparison of ZnO and SiOx int
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2. Processes 2.1. Microcrystalline
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3.2. Amorphous/amorphous silicon ta
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Fig.14: TEM cross section microcrys
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EQE 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 12.4 11.7 1
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4.7 Summary and perspectives for wo
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Acknowledgements We thank all the P
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Goals of the project The goals of t
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/3 on the front side. All the laye
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Introduction / Project Goals Prior
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3/4 Effective light trapping scheme
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/6 The Athlet consortium comprises
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5/6 Large area thin-film silicon ce
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3/4 Der verbesserte Lichteinfang is
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3/5 Results Microstructure characte
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Introduction / Project goals The fo
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Optimization of CdS chemical bath d
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Fig. 5: J-V curve (left) and extern
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3/7 Work performed and results achi
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5/7 Fig. 3: Raman spectra recorded
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7/7 Measurements of solar cells per
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Introduction / project objectives T
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Optimum Na dosage Sodium layer with
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application might become more impor
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In a second experiment the amount o
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3/9 After optimizing the In2S3 buff
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5/9 Indium sulfide layer characteri
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7/9 3) Semitransparent CIGS solar c
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Page 131 and 132: Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
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3. Modelling and analysis (SP4) 3.1
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Figure 3 shows a summary of the RR
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Projektziele für 2008 � Fortfüh
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Interessant ist die Beobachtung, da
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Wechselrichtertests Im Bereich der
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Stress limits for bypass diodes for
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Objectives SoS-PV (Security of Supp
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Finally, strategies for demand side
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~ Mains terminal Synchronisation &
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International collaboration SoS-PVi
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The cumulative installed PV power i
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5/5 Workshops Grid Parity & Beyond
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Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
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Dank der Projektdatenbank vom Task
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Nationale und internationale Zusamm
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Einleitung Anfangs 2008 konnte die
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Das Verfahren für Projektanträge
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Skizze - nicht eintreten 13% Gesuch
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Community Based Rural Income throug
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Licht für Bildung und Entwicklung
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 2 « PLANIFICATION,
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5/6 Conformément au plan de travai
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3. Durchgeführte Arbeiten und erre
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kg/m2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fassadenaufst
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3/5 Table 2: Sites used for benchma
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5/5 Figure 2: Example of forecasted
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2/6 Einleitung / Projektziele Der r
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4/6 Die Technical Standards (TS) zu
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6/6 Im Jahr 2008 neu publizierte No
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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Operational Level The networking ac
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Topical Areas: Complementarities, G
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International Cooperation According
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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