Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Bundesamt für Energie BFE LASER PATTERNING OF CU(IN,GA)SE2 SOLAR CELLS ON FLEXIBLE FOILS FOR MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION Annual Report 2008 Author and Co-Authors Dr. A. N. Tiwari Institution / Company ETH Zürich Address Thin Film Physics Group, Technoparkstr. 1, 8005 Zürich Telephone, E-mail, Homepage +41 (0) 44 633 79 49, Ayodhya.Tiwari@empa.ch, http://www.tfp.ethz.ch Project- / Contract Number KTI 8697.2 Duration of the Project (from – to) July 2007 - July 2009 Date December 2008 ABSTRACT The project aims for the development of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar modules on flexible substrate materials. It focuses on the development of technology for monolithic electric series connection of single solar cells grown on in-line moving polymer foils. The challenges of high precision patterning of multilayers on polymer substrates shall be overcome by using a high-tech laser patterning system. The developed processes and hardware compass the manufacturing of prototypes of monolithically integrated solar modules on flexible polymer substrates and the proof of concept of an automated system that can be implemented in a roll-to-roll manufacturing plant for flexible thin-film solar modules. 115/290
Introduction / project objectives Thin film solar cells (also often known as 2 nd generation solar cells) are attributed important cost reduction potential over today’s mono- and polycrystalline silicon cells (often called 1 st generation). Due to the low material usage, large area deposition of layers with in-line methods and monolithic interconnection the processing costs of thin film solar modules will be significantly lower and energy pay-back times in the order of a few months can be achieved. Using flexible substrate materials allows further cost cutting by roll-to-roll manufacturing. The use of highly efficient thin film solar absorbers as Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (called CIGS) will increase the energy output per area which is of crucial importance for most applications. Solar cells have an output voltage which is material-dependent and of the order of one Volt. To achieve higher and customizable output voltage as well as to decrease output current for a given power, photovoltaic devices come as modules, which is a series interconnection of a number of cells. This can be done by applying additional suitable metallic contacts connecting back and front contact of two neighbouring cells. This technology is available in to-date commercialized flexible thin-film solar modules. An alternative method, called monolithic interconnection, does not make use of any supplementary (and potentially costly) contacts. The monolithic interconnection of thin-film solar cells requires a process with several sequential steps of layer deposition and layer scribing as outlined in following figure 1. CIGS solar module fabrication steps Mo back contact deposition by sputtering ZnO:Al Front contact deposition by sputtering Laser patterning of front contact & wiring ZnO:Al (1 �m) �m) �m) �m) Scribing of Mo by laser beam Patterning of buffer/CIGS by laser scribing CdS or Zns (0.03 �m) �m) �m) �m) CIGS (2 �m) �m) �m) �m) Mo (1 �m) �m) �m) �m) Substrate Figure 1: CIGS solar module fabrication steps CIGS absorber deposition by vacuum evaporation CdS or ZnS buffer deposition by chemical method Encapsulation & Lamination The patterning consists of three selective material removals (back contact, absorber and front contact, usually denoted as steps P1,P2 and P3) intervening after each deposition step. The quality of the scribing is determined by the selectivity of the individual scribes, as the underlying layer (or substrate) must not be damaged or transformed. Another import design criterion is the positioning precision of one scribe line with respect to the other, the area between the P1 scribe line (removal of metallic back contact from substrate) and P3 scribe (removal of transparent front contact) does not contribute to module performance. 116/290 Laser patterning of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on flexible foils for monolithic integration, A. N. Tiwari, ETHZ 2/4
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Forschung, April 2009 Programm Phot
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009
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B. Ruhstaller, R. Häusermann, N. A
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PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
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1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
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Eine zweite Kategorie von Projekten
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Im Integrierten EU-Projekt ATHLET [
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Figur 3: Prototyp eines monolithisc
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SOLARMODULE UND GEBÄUDEINTEGRATION
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BEGLEITENDE THEMEN Das PSI beteilig
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Programme abgeschlossen. Die erste
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Messkampagnen - Messkampagne Wittig
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zielführend eingesetzt werden. Das
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[43] P. Renaud, L. Perret, (pierre.
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11. Verwendete Abkürzungen (inkl.
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D. Güttler, S. Bücheler, S. Seyrl
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Goals of the project The global pro
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1.2. Comparison of ZnO and SiOx int
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2. Processes 2.1. Microcrystalline
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3.2. Amorphous/amorphous silicon ta
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Fig.14: TEM cross section microcrys
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EQE 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 12.4 11.7 1
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4.7 Summary and perspectives for wo
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Acknowledgements We thank all the P
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Goals of the project The goals of t
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/3 on the front side. All the laye
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Introduction / Project Goals Prior
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3/4 Effective light trapping scheme
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Introduction / Project Goals The co
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Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of a
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THINPV Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/6 IR laser source Pumping line IR
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5/6 Figure 2: Scheme of a monolithi
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PECNET Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/10 Projektziele Dieses Forschungs
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5/10 und mit Stichworten katalogisi
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7/10 einer Vorverpflichtung mit rel
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9/10 NanoPEC Partner IEA HIA Annex
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Module und Gebäudeintegration T. S
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Einleitung / Projektziele Obwohl be
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ULTRALIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC STRUCTURES
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3/8 Task 2. Encapsulation of Si-bas
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5/8 Figure 9: polyester/glass fiber
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7/8 Figure 16: Flexible DSCmodule F
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Systemtechnik D. Chianese, N. Cereg
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Aim of the project The aim of the
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The short circuit current of each P
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TEST cycle 11 In 2008 a new 15 mont
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Evaluation 2008 and prospects for 2
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1. Traceable performance measuremen
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formed with two standard halogen la
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3. Modelling and analysis (SP4) 3.1
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Figure 3 shows a summary of the RR
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Projektziele für 2008 � Fortfüh
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Interessant ist die Beobachtung, da
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Wechselrichtertests Im Bereich der
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Stress limits for bypass diodes for
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Objectives SoS-PV (Security of Supp
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Finally, strategies for demand side
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~ Mains terminal Synchronisation &
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International collaboration SoS-PVi
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The cumulative installed PV power i
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5/5 Workshops Grid Parity & Beyond
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Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
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Dank der Projektdatenbank vom Task
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Nationale und internationale Zusamm
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Einleitung Anfangs 2008 konnte die
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Das Verfahren für Projektanträge
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Skizze - nicht eintreten 13% Gesuch
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Community Based Rural Income throug
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Licht für Bildung und Entwicklung
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 2 « PLANIFICATION,
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5/6 Conformément au plan de travai
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3. Durchgeführte Arbeiten und erre
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kg/m2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fassadenaufst
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3/5 Table 2: Sites used for benchma
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5/5 Figure 2: Example of forecasted
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2/6 Einleitung / Projektziele Der r
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4/6 Die Technical Standards (TS) zu
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6/6 Im Jahr 2008 neu publizierte No
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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Operational Level The networking ac
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Topical Areas: Complementarities, G
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International Cooperation According
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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