Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Bundesamt für Energie BFE ATHLET - ADVANCED THIN FILM TECHNOLOGIES FOR COST EFFECTIVE PHOTOVOLTAICS Annual Report 2008 Author and Co-Authors D. Güttler, S. Bücheler, S. Seyrling, R. Verma, A. N. Tiwari Institution / Company ETH Zürich Address Thin Film Physics Group, ETH, Technoparkstr. 1, 8005 Zürich Telephone, E-mail, Homepage +41 (0) 44 633 79 49, Ayodhya.Tiwari@empa.ch, http://www.tfp.ethz.ch Project- / Contract Number ATHLET CIS / FP-2204-Energy-3 Duration of the Project (from – to) 01.01.2006 – 31.12.2009 Date 16.12.2008 ABSTRACT The ATHLET project is an integrated project of the European Union involving 24 partners working on the topic of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (called CIGS) and Si based thin film solar cells. The project is divided in several work packages covering diverse topics of solar cells and modules. The ETH Group is participating in two work packages with the objective to investigate alternative buffer layers deposited by vacuum evaporation (PVD) and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP), and the development of high efficiency CIGS solar cells on flexible substrates and for tandem solar cells. A PVD method was developed at ETH to deposit In2S3 buffer layers on CIGS absorber and after a comprehensive work the process was optimised to achieve 14.1% efficiency solar cells on glass substrates. Further experiments were started to transfer the knowledge for flexible solar cells. Flexible CIGS solar cells of 10.1% efficiency were achieved with evaporated In2S3 buffer layer, while the reference flexible cell with chemical bath deposited buffer had 13.2% efficiency. This is the first report of CdS-free flexible CIGS solar cell on polymer with efficiency approaching 10%. Detailed investigations on USP deposited In2S3 buffer layers were conducted to characterise the structural and optical properties and to understand the regimes of impurity phase formation and growth kinetics. 12.4% efficiency solar cells achieved with USP method show the promising potential of this low-cost, non-vacuum thin film deposition method. In order to develop CIGS based tandem solar cells growth and properties of CIGS with different Ga concentration on Mo and ZnO:Al coated glass substrates were investigated. Unfortunately, solar cells with Ga rich composition exhibit rather low efficiency. However, the development 13.5% efficiency cell on ZnO:Al coated transparent conducting oxide substrate, achieved with 24% Ga content, is quite interesting for tandem solar cells as the efficiency value is comparable to the results on Mo coated glass substrates. Research performed in Swiss national projects supported by BFE and CCEM had some synergies with the topics of the ATHLET project and they helped to achieve success in this EU project. 105/290
Introduction / project objectives Polycrystalline thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells are important because of very high efficiency, long term stable performance, and their potential for low cost generation of solar electricity. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA has reported a world record efficiency of 20% for the CIGS solar cells grown on glass substrates and several groups including ETHZ have achieved efficiencies exceeding 17% on glass substrates. The objectives of the work packages, we are involved in the collaborative project, include: � Development of high efficiency lightweight and flexible CIGS solar cells on polymer foils and improvement in processes for highest record efficiencies. � Development of alternative processes towards simple and low cost manufacturing of high efficiency flexible solar cells. � Development of critical cell components of CIGS tandem solar cells for next generation of more efficient solar cells. � Development of a new spray technology incorporating ultrasonic fine and condensed mist forming for alternative buffer layers During 2008 the research focus was placed on the following topics: Flexible CIGS cells with PVD grown In2S3 buffer � Transfer of knowledge gain from PVD grown In2S3 on rigid glass substrates towards the processing of flexible cells on polyimide foils with In2S3 buffer layer. � Comparison of first results of PVD grown In2S3 buffer on flexible cells with that on of a CdS reference cell. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) � Development of new buffer layer deposition techniques based on ultrasonic fine and condensed mist forming spray technique. � Investigations of microstructure and inter-diffusion characteristics of most promising buffer layers. � Comparison of the ultrasonic sprayed buffers on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers. CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Photovoltaic Devices for Tandem Solar Cell Application � Continuation of the work on CIGS solar cells on transparent conducting oxides (TCO) for tandem solar cell applications. � Processing of CIGS layers with different [Ga]/[In+Ga] ratios and characterisation of cell parameters and layer morphology. Some of the research activities described in this report were also partly suported from projects from Swiss National funding agencies (BFE, CCEM). Work and results 1) Flexible CIGS cells with PVD grown In2S3 buffer layer In the previous period calibration experiments on glass substrates have been performed. We investigated In2S3 powder of different suppliers and identified the source material, which gave best results. The chemical composition, microstructure, homogeneity and transparency of deposited layer were characterised depending on different processing parameters. Best efficiencies of CIGS cells grown on SLG and with PVD grown buffer layer are around at 80% of the CdS reference cell. 106/290 ATHLET - Advanced Thin Film Technologies for Cost Effective Photovoltaics, A. N. Tiwari, ETH Zürich 2/9
Page 1:
Forschung, April 2009 Programm Phot
Page 4 and 5:
Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009
Page 6 and 7:
B. Ruhstaller, R. Häusermann, N. A
Page 8 and 9:
PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
Page 10 and 11:
1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
Page 12 and 13:
Eine zweite Kategorie von Projekten
Page 14 and 15:
Im Integrierten EU-Projekt ATHLET [
Page 16 and 17:
Figur 3: Prototyp eines monolithisc
Page 18 and 19:
SOLARMODULE UND GEBÄUDEINTEGRATION
Page 20 and 21:
BEGLEITENDE THEMEN Das PSI beteilig
Page 22 and 23:
Programme abgeschlossen. Die erste
Page 24 and 25:
Messkampagnen - Messkampagne Wittig
Page 26 and 27:
zielführend eingesetzt werden. Das
Page 28 and 29:
[43] P. Renaud, L. Perret, (pierre.
Page 30:
11. Verwendete Abkürzungen (inkl.
Page 33 and 34:
D. Güttler, S. Bücheler, S. Seyrl
Page 35 and 36:
Goals of the project The global pro
Page 37 and 38:
1.2. Comparison of ZnO and SiOx int
Page 39 and 40:
2. Processes 2.1. Microcrystalline
Page 41 and 42:
3.2. Amorphous/amorphous silicon ta
Page 43 and 44:
Fig.14: TEM cross section microcrys
Page 45 and 46:
EQE 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 12.4 11.7 1
Page 47 and 48:
4.7 Summary and perspectives for wo
Page 49 and 50:
Acknowledgements We thank all the P
Page 51 and 52:
Goals of the project The goals of t
Page 54 and 55:
Eidgenössisches Departement für U
Page 56: 3/3 on the front side. All the laye
Page 59 and 60: Introduction / Project Goals Prior
Page 62 and 63: Eidgenössisches Departement für U
Page 64 and 65: 3/4 Effective light trapping scheme
Page 66 and 67: Département fédéral de l’envir
Page 68 and 69: 3/6 The Athlet consortium comprises
Page 70 and 71: 5/6 Large area thin-film silicon ce
Page 74 and 75: 3/4 Der verbesserte Lichteinfang is
Page 78 and 79: 3/5 Results Microstructure characte
Page 80: 5/5 Mechanical testing: The mechani
Page 83 and 84: Introduction / Project goals The fo
Page 85 and 86: Optimization of CdS chemical bath d
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 5: J-V curve (left) and extern
Page 92 and 93: 3/7 Work performed and results achi
Page 94 and 95: 5/7 Fig. 3: Raman spectra recorded
Page 96: 7/7 Measurements of solar cells per
Page 99 and 100: Introduction / project objectives T
Page 101 and 102: Optimum Na dosage Sodium layer with
Page 103 and 104: application might become more impor
Page 105 and 106: In a second experiment the amount o
Page 110 and 111: 3/9 After optimizing the In2S3 buff
Page 112 and 113: 5/9 Indium sulfide layer characteri
Page 114 and 115: 7/9 3) Semitransparent CIGS solar c
Page 116: 9/9 Steps towards multi-junction so
Page 121 and 122: Figure 2: SEM picture of laser-abla
Page 125 and 126: Work progress and achievements duri
Page 127 and 128: Furthermore, with a good reproducib
Page 129 and 130: Main achievements - The association
Page 131 and 132: Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
Page 136 and 137: 3/4 So far, experiments were perfor
Page 140 and 141: 3/5 Tasks of the collaboration part
Page 142: 5/5 Figure 4: Maximum achievable sh
Page 145 and 146: Project Goals The goal is the estab
Page 147 and 148: Evaluation 2008 and Outlook 2009 L'
Page 149 and 150: Project Goals NAPOLYDE industrials
Page 151 and 152: � Organic large solar panel and
Page 153 and 154: Materials such as the conductive ca
Page 155 and 156: National and international collabor
Page 157 and 158:
Project Goals The aim of FULLSPECTR
Page 159 and 160:
In addition, every two years, the P
Page 161 and 162:
The table below show the change of
Page 163 and 164:
The table below shows the change of
Page 165 and 166:
4. The UV-A tests with PMMA films c
Page 167 and 168:
Introduction / Project Goals The co
Page 169 and 170:
Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of a
Page 172 and 173:
THINPV Eidgenössisches Departement
Page 174 and 175:
3/6 IR laser source Pumping line IR
Page 176 and 177:
5/6 Figure 2: Scheme of a monolithi
Page 178 and 179:
PECNET Eidgenössisches Departement
Page 180 and 181:
3/10 Projektziele Dieses Forschungs
Page 182 and 183:
5/10 und mit Stichworten katalogisi
Page 184 and 185:
7/10 einer Vorverpflichtung mit rel
Page 186 and 187:
9/10 NanoPEC Partner IEA HIA Annex
Page 188:
Module und Gebäudeintegration T. S
Page 191 and 192:
Einleitung / Projektziele Obwohl be
Page 194 and 195:
ULTRALIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC STRUCTURES
Page 196 and 197:
3/8 Task 2. Encapsulation of Si-bas
Page 198 and 199:
5/8 Figure 9: polyester/glass fiber
Page 200 and 201:
7/8 Figure 16: Flexible DSCmodule F
Page 202:
Systemtechnik D. Chianese, N. Cereg
Page 205 and 206:
Aim of the project The aim of the
Page 207 and 208:
The short circuit current of each P
Page 209 and 210:
TEST cycle 11 In 2008 a new 15 mont
Page 211 and 212:
Evaluation 2008 and prospects for 2
Page 213 and 214:
1. Traceable performance measuremen
Page 215 and 216:
formed with two standard halogen la
Page 217 and 218:
3. Modelling and analysis (SP4) 3.1
Page 219 and 220:
Figure 3 shows a summary of the RR
Page 221 and 222:
Projektziele für 2008 � Fortfüh
Page 223 and 224:
Interessant ist die Beobachtung, da
Page 225 and 226:
Wechselrichtertests Im Bereich der
Page 227 and 228:
Stress limits for bypass diodes for
Page 229 and 230:
Objectives SoS-PV (Security of Supp
Page 231 and 232:
Finally, strategies for demand side
Page 233 and 234:
~ Mains terminal Synchronisation &
Page 235 and 236:
International collaboration SoS-PVi
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
The cumulative installed PV power i
Page 242:
5/5 Workshops Grid Parity & Beyond
Page 245 and 246:
Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
Page 247 and 248:
Dank der Projektdatenbank vom Task
Page 249 and 250:
Nationale und internationale Zusamm
Page 251 and 252:
Einleitung Anfangs 2008 konnte die
Page 253 and 254:
Das Verfahren für Projektanträge
Page 255 and 256:
Skizze - nicht eintreten 13% Gesuch
Page 257 and 258:
Community Based Rural Income throug
Page 259 and 260:
Licht für Bildung und Entwicklung
Page 262 and 263:
Département fédéral de l’envir
Page 264 and 265:
3/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 2 « PLANIFICATION,
Page 266 and 267:
5/6 Conformément au plan de travai
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
3. Durchgeführte Arbeiten und erre
Page 272 and 273:
kg/m2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fassadenaufst
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
3/5 Table 2: Sites used for benchma
Page 278:
5/5 Figure 2: Example of forecasted
Page 281 and 282:
2/6 Einleitung / Projektziele Der r
Page 283 and 284:
4/6 Die Technical Standards (TS) zu
Page 285 and 286:
6/6 Im Jahr 2008 neu publizierte No
Page 287 and 288:
Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
Page 289 and 290:
Operational Level The networking ac
Page 291 and 292:
Topical Areas: Complementarities, G
Page 293:
International Cooperation According
show all

Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2009 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?