Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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5/6 Large area cluster deposition systems The KAI-M system has been assembled and started operation during the first 6 months of 2007. Figure 5 shows the KAI-M deposition system installed in the clean room and fully operational (with one chamber). The second half of 2007 has been used to check the system for various layer depositions. Transfer of processes for a-Si:H and �c-Si:H from the KAI-S to the KAI-M has been performed as well as first device fabrication. The system is now fully operational and can be used for R&D. The second chamber which is already present will accommodate a modified version of the KAI-M plasma box and be put in operation next year. Fig. 5: picture of large area KAI-M cluster deposition tool with one operational chamber. In this KAI-M system, two plasma diagnostic tools have been implemented and are used: 1. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES): This characterization tool allows a qualitative analysis of the optical emission of plasmas used for silicon thin film deposition. The integrated intensity of the H� and H� emission lines can be related to the electron temperature (under certain experimental conditions) and allow a monitoring of the plasma conditions which are important for �c-Si:H growth. 2. Peak to peak voltage measurement on RF driven electrode: The second characterization tool allows a quantitative measure of the peak to peak voltage at the RF driven showerhead electrode in the KAI-S deposition system. This parameter is useful as it is related to the plasma potential Vp and to the potential drop across the plasma sheath. Thus, it can be used to estimate or compare the ion bombardment energy on the surface of the growing film, provided some assumptions are made as well. Further diagnostics tools for powder formation as well as for silane depletion monitoring are being considered and will probably being set-up next year. Results on ultra-large area (> 1m 2 ) Even though not the topic of this report, it is worth mentioning the improvements at the industrial level in this project. In particular the company OC Oerlikon, could demonstrate a first large area micromorph module (1.3x1.4 m 2 ) at the 22 nd EUPVSC conference in Milano. This module with an apperature area of 1.337 m 2 , had an initial aperture area efficiency of 9.46% (cf. Fig. 6). More details are reported in [6]. ATHLET, N. Wyrsch, IMT Seite 59 von 288
Seite 60 von 288 Fig. 6: 1.4 m 2 micromorph p-i-n tandem module with 126.5 W initial efficiency fabricated by OC Oerlikon in Kai 1200 PECVD reactors. Conclusion Despite the large size of the Athlet consortium, the organization in sub-projects allows relative good research efficiency and fruitful collaborations. These collaborations comprise the exchange of layers, cells, measurement results, services, but also discussions and experience exchanges during project meetings. Significant progress have been made toward the final objectives of 14% stable efficiency on small area and 10% stable efficiency on 1.4 m 2 micromorph modules. Collaborations Beside the strong partnership between OC Oerlikon and IMT, this Athlet project allows a fruitful collaboration with the Jülich Forschungszentrum, the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Science of Prague, the University of Patras (Greece), Schott Solar in Germany, Saint-Gobain Research, among the most important ones. In November 2007, a TCO workshop was also organized by IMT in Neuchâtel for the Athlet community. The motivation for this workshop was to share TCO knowledge and questions between researchers working on the various thin-film cell technologies. More than 40 people from 15 different Athlet institutions attended this 2 days workshop. References [1] S. Olibet, E. Vallat-Sauvain, C. Ballif, L. Fesquet, "Recombination through amphoteric states at the amorphous/crystalline silicon interface: modelling and experiment", Proceedings of NUMOS-workshop (Numerical modelling of thin film solar cells), Gent (B), pp. 141-149, March, 2007 [2] N. Wyrsch, S. Dunand, C. Ballif, "Bifacial a-Si:H solar cells: Origin of the asymmetry between front and back illumination", Proceedings of NUMOS-workshop (Numerical modelling of thin film solar cells), Gent (B), pp. 289-294, March, 2007 [3] P. Buehlmann, A. Billet, J. Bailat and C. Ballif, "Anti-Reflection Layer at the TCO/Si Interface For High Efficiency Thin- Film Solar Cells Deposited On Rough LP-CVD Front ZnO", to be published in Proceedings of the 22th EU PVSEC Conference, Milano (I), 2007 [4] P. Buehlmann, J. Bailat, D. Dominé, A. Billet, F. Meillaud, A. Feltrin, and C. Ballif, "In situ silicon oxide based intermediate reflector for thin-film silicon micromorph solar cells", Applied Physics Letters, 143505, Vol 91 , 2007 [5] J. Bailat, D. Dominé, P. Buehlmann, A. Billet, A. Feltrin, F. Meillaud, T. Söderström, X. Niquille, F. J. Haug, V. Daudrix- Terrazzoni, N. Wyrsch and C. Ballif, "Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells: Latest Developments in Europe", to be published in Proceedings of the 17th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC-17), Fukuoka (J), 2007. [6] U. Kroll et al. to be published in the proc. 22 nd EU-PVSC, Milano (I), 2007 ATHLET, N. Wyrsch, IMT 6/6
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Forschung, April 2008 Programm Phot
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008
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T. Meyer ORGAPVNET: Coordination Ac
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PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
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1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
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Ongoing Work and Results 2007 Dye d
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International Cooperation Internati
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Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
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Figure 2: Upper panel: isodensity p
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/3 (a) (b) I N ClO ClO4- 4- Al ITO
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Project Goals The goal is the estab
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NAPOLYDE Département fédéral de
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3/7 � PECVD/Sputtering Co-deposit
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5/7 Work and results SP2.4 - Nanola
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7/7 Evaluation 2007 and Outlook 200
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Projektziele In der Schweiz bestehe
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Die wichtigsten erreichten Ziele de
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Energy Center (EC) der EPFL Univers
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Für 2008 ist in Zusammenarbeit mit
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BIPV-CIS Eidgenössisches Departeme
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3/3 Bewertung 2007 und Ausblick 200
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/9 Service measurements In 2007 a
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5/9 Type of meas. Direct with c-Si
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7/9 c-Si reference cell for the mea
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9/9 � 4 energy rating comparison
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1. Traceable performance measuremen
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The following list shows the measur
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data sets. The indoor data sets con
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The blind round-robin proved that o
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Einleitung / Projektziele Herstelle
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Abb. 1, und deren Mittelwert für d
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Aus Gleichung (1) ergeben sich der
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Abb. 7: Abhängigkeit des Wirkungsg
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Der Rechengang zu Abb.8 läuft wie
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Wie erwartet ist der Jahresmittelwe
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Projektziele für 2007 � Ununterb
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Generator-Korrekturfaktor k G in %
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WR-Defekte pro WR-Betriebsjahr 0.8
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Nationale / internationale Zusammen
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Einleitung / Projektziele Dezentral
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BON: Betrieb ohne Netz oder USV-Bet
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An einem Workshop mit EWs in Kalifo
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Challenges The liberalisation of th
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W 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 1
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PV-BUK Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/6 häufigsten traten jedoch Gesam
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3/10 Tab. 1: Overview of the types
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5/10 Tab. 2: Key parameters of the
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7/10 horizontal surface (kWh/m 2 )
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9/10 6. Conclusion and Outlook The
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3/9 Fig.2: Photograph of SiO2:CdS s
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5/9 Fig. 4: Photoluminescence spect
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7/9 In general, the performance of
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9/9 Conclusions � A large Stokes
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Einleitung / Projektziele Solaranla
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Internationale Koordination P. Hüs
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Kurzbeschrieb des Projekts Task 1 u
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Trends Report Basierend auf den Dat
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Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
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Case Studies Als Ergänzung zu den
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3/10 Ziele 2007 Die Ziele der REPIC
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5/10 Die restlichen 13 Projektantr
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7/10 Stand der technischen REPIC Pr
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9/10 Förderung der Solarenergie f
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/6 Les avantages pour le consommat
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5/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 4 « Information et
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3/3 Turbidity climatology Turbidity
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Einleitung / Projektziele Normenarb
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IEC 62548 Installation and Safety R
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Referenzen Eine vollständige Liste
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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WP2: Strategy Issues: The main acti
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A dedicated transnational call “P
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Databases have been developed for o
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