Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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3/10 Tab. 1: Overview of the types of photovoltaic 3 kWp systems investigated for an installation in Switzerland Installation Cell type Panel type 1) Slanted roof sc-Si Panel mc-Si Panel a-Si Panel ribbon-Si Panel CdTe Panel CIS Panel sc-Si Laminate mc-Si Laminate a-Si Laminate ribbon-Si Laminate Flat roof sc-Si Panel mc-Si Panel Façade sc-Si Panel mc-Si Panel sc-Si Laminate mc-Si Laminate 1) Panel = mounted; Laminate = integrated in the roof construction, sc-Si = singlecrystalline silicon, mc-Si = multicrystalline silicon. All subsystems shown in Fig. 1 are included as individual datasets within the system boundaries for silicon based PV power plants. The process data include quartz reduction, silicon purification, wafer, panel and laminate production, manufacturing of inverter, mounting, cabling, infrastructure, assuming 30 years operational lifetime for the plant. The basic assumptions for each of these unit processes are described in the report. We considered the following items for each production stages as far as data were available: � energy consumption, � air- and waterborne process-specific pollutants at all production stages, � materials, auxiliary chemicals, etc. � transport of materials, of energy carriers, of semi-finished products and of the complete power plant, � waste treatment processes for production wastes, � dismantling of all components, � infrastructure for all production facilities with its land use. MG-silicon purification silica sand EG-silicon off-grade silicon SiCl4 SoG-silicon CZ-sc-silicon crystallisation wafer sawing MG-silicon silicon mix for photovoltaics mc-Si casting cell production electric components panel- or laminate production installation 3kWp plants operation electricity silicon ribbons mounting systems Silane Amorphous silicon deposition (a-Si) Fig. 1: Different sub systems investigated for the production chain of silicon cells based photovoltaic power plants installed in Switzerland. MG-silicon: metallurgical grade silicon, EG-silicon: electronic grade silicon, SoG-silicon: solar-grade silicon, a-Si: amorphous silicon Update Photovoltaics in view of ecoinvent data v2.0, N. Jungbluth, ESU-services GmbH Seite 219 von 288
All subsystems shown in Fig. 2 are included within the system boundaries for thin film PV power plants. All inputs (semiconductor metals, panel materials and auxiliary materials) for the production of thin film cells, laminates and panels are investigated in other reports of the ecoinvent project ([5]). Thus, in the specific report for PV we only described the process stages starting from the laminate and panel production. semiconductor metals: cadmium tellurium indium etc. electric components panel materials: glass aluminium EVA film etc. panel- and laminate production installation 3kWp plants operation electricity auxillary materials: gasses acids etc. mounting systems Fig. 2: Different sub systems investigated for thin film (CIS and CdTe) photovoltaic power plants installed in Switzerland The average PV electricity mix in Switzerland considers the actual performance of the installed plants ([6]), while data for specific types of PV plants (e.g. laminate and panel, single- or multicrystalline) can be used for comparisons of different technologies. The calculations in ([4]) are performed for PV plants located in Berne with an annual yield of 922 and 620 kWh/kWp for roof-top and façade installations, respectively. This yield is calculated with an irradiation of 1117 kWh per m 2 and a performance ratio of 0.75. These results have been used for our technology specific assessments (e.g. in Fig. 4). The actual PV electricity mixes in 2005 with different types of PV power plants in several countries are also modelled. The yield data for PV electricity mixes in other countries are based on a publication for optimum installations ([4]) and a correction factor which takes into account an actually lower yield of average installations in Switzerland compared to this optimum installation ([1]). 3. Key parameters for life cycle inventories All life cycle inventory data are documented in an English report [1]. Parts of this project have been executed on behalf of the PSI Villingen (Review), the EMPA Dübendorf (life cycle inventories of thinfilm materials [5]) and ETH Zürich (special chemicals [7]). Tab. 2 shows the key parameters of the life cycle inventory in ecoinvent Data v2.0 [1]. Main changes in comparison to older Swiss inventories are the update of the energy use in silicon purification, the location specific consideration of power consumption throughout the production chain, and the inclusion of many additional process specific emissions. Seite 220 von 288 Update Photovoltaics in view of ecoinvent data v2.0, N. Jungbluth, ESU-services GmbH 4/10
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Forschung, April 2008 Programm Phot
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008
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T. Meyer ORGAPVNET: Coordination Ac
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PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
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1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
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Ein neues KTI-Projekt Flexible Phot
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In einem neuen, durch den Axpo Natu
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Performanz und Energieproduktion vo
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ERGÄNZENDE PROJEKTE UND STUDIEN En
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in diesem Projekt für die Koordina
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5. Pilot- und Demonstrationsprojekt
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Produktionskapazität von insgesamt
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[26] H. Häberlin, L. Borgna, D. Gf
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[89] Konzept der Energieforschung d
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Solarzellen C. Ballif, J. Bailat, F
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/9 Fig. 1: Refractive index n and
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5/9 V oc [mV] 940 920 900 880 860 8
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7/9 Fig. 5: Top) SEM micrographs of
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9/9 Acknowledgements The co-workers
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Seite 40 von 288 Introduction and f
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Seite 42 von 288 Introduction / Pro
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Seite 44 von 288 Results The amorph
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Seite 50 von 288 High efficiency so
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Seite 52 von 288 Towards low costs
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/6 The Athlet consortium comprises
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5/6 Large area cluster deposition s
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SIWIS Département fédéral de l
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3/6 Results Defects characterizatio
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5/6 The test methodology was optimi
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Seite 70 von 288 Summary of Applied
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Seite 72 von 288 Table 5 summarizes
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3/7 Figure 1: Vacuum deposition equ
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5/7 Testing of thickness, chemical
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7/7 Figure 6: Large area flexible s
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Seite 86 von 288 Intensity / arb. u
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LARCIS Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/6 Work and results Alternative Ba
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5/6 As expected the addition of Na
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ATHLET Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/9 ZnO:Al/ZnO was deposited by rf-
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5/9 Figure 4: XRD pattern of powder
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7/9 PBDVA temp [°C] 100 200 250 Bu
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9/9 National and international coll
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Introduction / Project Goals Thin f
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Introduction The work to be reporte
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Ongoing Work and Results 2007 Dye d
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International Cooperation Internati
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Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
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Figure 2: Upper panel: isodensity p
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3/3 (a) (b) I N ClO ClO4- 4- Al ITO
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Seite 124 von 288 Project Goals The
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Project Goals The goal is the estab
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NAPOLYDE Département fédéral de
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3/7 � PECVD/Sputtering Co-deposit
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5/7 Work and results SP2.4 - Nanola
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7/7 Evaluation 2007 and Outlook 200
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Projektziele In der Schweiz bestehe
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Die wichtigsten erreichten Ziele de
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Energy Center (EC) der EPFL Univers
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Für 2008 ist in Zusammenarbeit mit
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BIPV-CIS Eidgenössisches Departeme
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3/3 Bewertung 2007 und Ausblick 200
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3/9 Service measurements In 2007 a
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5/9 Type of meas. Direct with c-Si
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7/9 c-Si reference cell for the mea
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9/9 � 4 energy rating comparison
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5/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 4 « Information et
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3/3 Turbidity climatology Turbidity
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Einleitung / Projektziele Normenarb
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IEC 62548 Installation and Safety R
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Referenzen Eine vollständige Liste
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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WP2: Strategy Issues: The main acti
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A dedicated transnational call “P
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Databases have been developed for o
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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