Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE
Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE
7/8 name of method institute power or efficiency equations SSE CREST �(G,25°) = C0+C1G+C2lnG TC@1000W/m² Yield Simulator ECN avg �(G,25°) Somes UU �( G) G Pt � Pnom� � �(1000) 1000 MotherPV INES avg �(G,25°) TC(G) temperature coefficient(s) average TC (250,500,750,1000W/m²) TC=0.4%/°C (default value) 2 PV-SAT H2M � �G, T � a � a G � a ln( G * m / W ) � �1��( T � 25� Matrix method SUPSI ESTI-ER JRC MPP 2 ZENIT ISE P( G, T) a �G � b �log�G�1� � Module 1 2 3 Im = Im,stc·G/1000·[1+�Im·(�T +T – 25)] Vm = Vm,stc + C0·ln(G/1000) + C1·(ln(G/1000))² + �Vm·(�T·+ T - 25) P(G,T)= Im,stc·G/1000·[1+�Im·(T – 25)] · (Vm,stc + C0·ln(G/1000) + C1·(ln(G/1000))² + �Vm·(T - 25)) 2 �log�G�e� � � �1� �G � d �� � 25� � � �G � c �� � 1 � TMOD � G � � Table 5: List of the performance models reviewed in the RR with the groups operating them. Table 5 shows the modelling methods evaluated and applied in this work and the groups developing and operating them. The methods are characterised by their determination of either the real operating efficiency � or power P of a module at various environmental conditions. They are therefore easily comparable since one term can be easily transformed to the other by applying the following equation P= �·A·G (A indicates module area, G describes the incident irradiance). The main differences between the methods are the ways to handle the input data, the execution of the single steps and the fit equations used. The first round robin has been concentrating on the energy prediction of single PV modules. It was based on sets of monitoring data (1-10 minute resolution) of different module technologies (cSi, aSi, CIS, CdTe) measured at different sites by various European test-laboratories (ZSW-DE, INES-FR, ISAAC-CH, CREST-UK, ECN-NL, Solarlab-PL, Helsinki-FL). Spectral and angle of incidence effects were not considered at this stage. Difference predicted-measured energy 10% 8% 5% 3% 0% -3% -5% -8% -10% Pyranometer as reference Isc as reference Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 5: Monthly energy prediction accuracy of a c-Si module by applying either pyranometer data for irradiance determination or the indoor measured module short circuit current as self reference. PERFORMANCE, G. Friesen, ISAAC-TISO Seite 175 von 288
The blind round-robin proved that on an annual basis the agreement for all energy prediction methods and all technologies is within ±5% (±3% for c-Si), provided that the environmental parameters incident irradiance and the module temperature are well described. This good accuracy was also found when translating the energy yield measured at one location in Europe to another for an identical module utilising shorter time periods (months). Significantly higher errors were found when using different PV modules of the same manufacturer and technology to predict the energy yield at other sites. Here the variation in module power rating dominated the results of the energy prediction methods and a correction for these differences had to be applied. All energy prediction methods showed similar results, which does not allow for any preferred selection at this stage. The use of Isc instead of the irradiance measured by a pyranometer further reduced the annual error prediction accuracy, due to a significant improvement for the winter months (see Figure 5). It will be therefore important within the next round robins to validate the existing approaches to model the effective irradiance. The second RR, currently under preparation, will concentrate on the validation of spectral and reflection loss models and some first system data will be analysed. 4. PV as a Building Product (SP6) ISAAC participates at the sub-project SP6 as external work partner. The aim of the sub-project is to stimulate the development of PV systems as certified building products for roofs and facades, the assessment of standards and performance requirements for BIPV modules towards mechanical stability, electrical safety, fire safety and building functionality, to reinforce the harmonisation of PV products and to enhance significantly the application of PV in buildings. One of the two SP6 meetings organised in 2007 was held in Lugano at the ISAAC institute. The rule of ISAAC in this sub-project is to provide input on present regulations and building codes in Switzerland and to participate actively in the workpackage dealing with the development of tests for novel BIPV technologies. The institute has a good collaboration with flexible a-Si manufacturers and some experience with hail tests on waterproof PV membranes. 5. ISAAC Publications [1] W. Herrmann, S. Mau, F. Fabero, T. Betts, N. vander Borg, K. Kiefer, W. Zaaiman, G. Friesen; “Results of European ‘Performance’ Project on PV Module Testing”; 17th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules; Vail, Colorado (USA); August 2007. [2] W. Herrmann, S. Mau, F. Fabero, T. Betts, N. van der Borg, K. Kiefer, W. Zaaiman, G. Friesen; “Advanced intercomparison testing of PV modules in European Test Labs”; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007. [3] G. Friesen, H.G. Beyer, R. Gottschalg, S. Williams, A. Guerin de Montgareuil, N. van der Borg, A.C. de Keizer, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark; „Vergleich von Verfahren zur Abschätzung der Jahreserträge unterschiedlicher PV- Technologien im Rahmen des Projektes Performance - Ergebnisse eines ersten ´Round Robin´ Tests“; Proceedings of the 22. Symposium Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Staffelstein (Germany) , 2007. [4] G. Friesen, R. Gottschalg, H.G.Beyer, S. Williams, A. Guerin de Montgareuil, N. van der Borg, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, T. Huld, B. Müller, A.C. de Keizer; „Y. Niu; Intercomparison of different energy prediction methods within the European project "Performance" - Results of the 1st round robin“; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007. [5] M. B. Strobel, R. Gottschalg, G. Friesen, H.G. Beyer; “Uncertainty in photovoltaic performance parameters – Dependence on location and material”; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007. [6] H.G. Beyer, R. Gottschalg, G. Friesen; “Modelling IV characteristics of CdTe Modules”; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007. [7] G. Friesen; “From Module Performance to Module Energy Delivery: the Path to the Definition of Energy Rating”; International Workshop on Standardisation in the Photovoltaic Sector; 23 July 2007; Brussel. [8] European wide consensus reached of photovoltaic energy generation from long term operation of PV modules; press release; 13 July 2007. This work has been supported by the European Commission in FP6 through the funding of the project PERFORMANCE (SES-019718). The report reflects only the author’s views; the Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Seite 176 von 288 PERFORMANCE, G. Friesen, ISAAC-TISO 8/8
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The blind round-robin proved that on an annual basis the agreement for all energy prediction<br />
methods and all technologies is within ±5% (±3% for c-Si), provided that the environmental parameters<br />
incident irradiance and the module temperature are well described. This good accuracy was<br />
also found when translating the energy yield measured at one location in Europe to another for an<br />
identical module utilising shorter time periods (months). Significantly higher errors were found when<br />
using different PV modules of the same manufacturer and technology to predict the energy yield at<br />
other sites. Here the variation in module power rating dominated the results of the energy prediction<br />
methods and a correction for these differences had to be applied. All energy prediction methods<br />
showed similar results, which does not allow for any preferred selection at this stage.<br />
The use of Isc instead of the irradiance measured by a pyranometer further reduced the annual error<br />
prediction accuracy, due to a significant improvement for the winter months (see Figure 5). It will be<br />
therefore important within the next round robins to validate the existing approaches to model the effective<br />
irradiance. The second RR, currently under preparation, will concentrate on the validation of spectral<br />
and reflection loss models and some first system data will be analysed.<br />
4. PV as a Building Product (SP6)<br />
ISAAC participates at the sub-project SP6 as external work partner. The aim of the sub-project is to<br />
stimulate the development of PV systems as certified building products for roofs and facades, the assessment<br />
of standards and performance requirements for BIPV modules towards mechanical stability,<br />
electrical safety, fire safety and building functionality, to reinforce the harmonisation of PV products<br />
and to enhance significantly the application of PV in buildings. One of the two SP6 meetings organised<br />
in 2007 was held in Lugano at the ISAAC institute. The rule of ISAAC in this sub-project is to provide<br />
input on present regulations and building codes in Switzerland and to participate actively in the workpackage<br />
dealing with the development of tests for novel BIPV technologies. The institute has a good<br />
collaboration with flexible a-Si manufacturers and some experience with hail tests on waterproof PV<br />
membranes.<br />
5. ISAAC Publications<br />
[1] W. Herrmann, S. Mau, F. Fabero, T. Betts, N. vander Borg, K. Kiefer, W. Zaaiman, G. Friesen; “Results of European<br />
‘Performance’ Project on PV Module Testing”; 17th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules; Vail, Colorado<br />
(USA); August 2007.<br />
[2] W. Herrmann, S. Mau, F. Fabero, T. Betts, N. van der Borg, K. Kiefer, W. Zaaiman, G. Friesen; “Advanced intercomparison<br />
testing of PV modules in European Test Labs”; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007.<br />
[3] G. Friesen, H.G. Beyer, R. Gottschalg, S. Williams, A. Guerin de Montgareuil, N. van der Borg, A.C. de Keizer,<br />
W.G.J.H.M. van Sark; „Vergleich von Verfahren zur Abschätzung der Jahreserträge unterschiedlicher PV-<br />
Technologien im Rahmen des Projektes Performance - Ergebnisse eines ersten ´Round Robin´ Tests“; Proceedings<br />
of the 22. Symposium Photovoltaische Solarenergie, Staffelstein (Germany) , 2007.<br />
[4] G. Friesen, R. Gottschalg, H.G.Beyer, S. Williams, A. Guerin de Montgareuil, N. van der Borg, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, T.<br />
Huld, B. Müller, A.C. de Keizer; „Y. Niu; Intercomparison of different energy prediction methods within the European<br />
project "Performance" - Results of the 1st round robin“; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007.<br />
[5] M. B. Strobel, R. Gottschalg, G. Friesen, H.G. Beyer; “Uncertainty in photovoltaic performance parameters – Dependence<br />
on location and material”; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy), 2007.<br />
[6] H.G. Beyer, R. Gottschalg, G. Friesen; “Modelling IV characteristics of CdTe Modules”; 22nd EUPVSEC; Milan (Italy),<br />
2007.<br />
[7] G. Friesen; “From Module Performance to Module Energy Delivery: the Path to the Definition of Energy Rating”;<br />
International Workshop on Standardisation in the Photovoltaic Sector; 23 July 2007; Brussel.<br />
[8] European wide consensus reached of photovoltaic energy generation from long term operation of PV modules;<br />
press release; 13 July 2007.<br />
This work has been supported by the European Commission in FP6 through the funding of the project<br />
PERFORMANCE (SES-019718). The report reflects only the author’s views; the Community is not<br />
liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.<br />
Seite 176 von 288<br />
PERFORMANCE, G. Friesen, ISAAC-TISO<br />
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