Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008 ... - Bundesamt für Energie BFE

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3/8 Fig. 2. The principle of TPV conversion In the thermophotovoltaic approach, the sun heats up, through a concentrator system, a material called “emitter” leading it incandescent (Fig. 2). The radiation from this emitter drives an array of solar cells producing electricity. The advantage of this approach is that, by an appropriate system of filters and back reflectors, photons with energy above and below the solar cell bandgap can be directed back to the emitter assisting in keeping it hot by recycling the energy of these photons that otherwise would not be optimally converted by the solar cells. By the end of the project, it is expected that the system, composed basically by the concentrator, emitter and solar cell array can be integrated and evaluated. The “intermediate band” approach pursues a better use of the solar spectrum by using intermediate band materials (Fig. 3). These materials are characterised by the existence of an electronic energy band within what otherwise would be a conventional semiconductor bandgap. According to the principles of operation of this cell, the intermediate band allows the absorption of low bandgap energy photons and the subsequent production of enhanced photocurrent without voltage degradation. The Project expects also to identify as much intermediate band material candidates as possible as well as to demonstrate experimentally the principles of operation of the intermediate band solar cell by using quantum dot solar cells as workbenches. Fig. 3. The principle of the IBC. Diffuse light Spectrally adapted solar cell(s) Photonic layers. Mirror for extremely small band. Transmit all the r est. Fig. 4. Luminescent concentrator with photonic crystal. FULLSPECTRUM, T. Meyer, Solaronix Mirror As mentioned, under the “molecular based concepts” heading, it is expected to find dyes and molecules capable of undergoing two-photon processes. Dyes -or quantum dots- suitable to be incorporated into flat concentrators are also pursued. Flat concentrators are essentially polymers plates, that by incorporating these special dyes to their structure, are capable of absorbing high energy photons and re-emit them as low energy photons that ideally match the gap of the solar cells. This emitted light is trapped within the concentrator usually by internal reflection and, if the losses within the concentrator are small, can only escape by being absorbed by the cells. Seite 125 von 288
Seite 126 von 288 Within the activity involving manufacturing, it is expected to clear the way towards commercialization for those most promising concepts. This is the case of the multijunction solar cells and within this activity it is expected to develop, for example, trackers with the necessary accuracy to follow the sun at 1000 suns, “pick and place” assembling techniques as to produce concentrator modules at competitive prices as well as to draft the normative that has to serve as the framework for the implementation of these systems. Fig. 5. An example of novel concentrator lenses. Project Structure: The Project is coordinated by Prof. Antonio Luque (Instituto de Energía Solar) assisted by Projektgesellschaft Solare <strong>Energie</strong>systeme GmbH (PSE). The Consortium involves 19 research institutions listed at the side of this text. As mentioned, to make the better use of the solar spectrum declared above, the project is structured along five research development and innovation activities: 1) Multijuntion solar cells. The activity is leaded by FhG-ISE IES-UPM, IOFFE, CEA-DTEN and PUM. with the participation of RWE-SSP, 2) Thermophotovoltaic converters. Is headed by IOFFE and CEA-DTEN. IES-UPM and PSI participate also in its development. 3) Intermediate band solar cells. The activity is leaded by IES-UPM. The other partners directly involved are UG, ICP-CSIC and UCY. 4) Molecular based concepts. The activity is leaded by ECN. The other groups involved are FhG- IAP, ICSTM, UM and Solaronix. 5) Manufacturing techniques and pre-normative research. The activity is leaded by ISOFOTON. IES-UPM and JRC are involved also in the activities. In addition, every two years, the Project sponsors a public Seminar about its public results and grants students worldwide in order to assist this Seminar as part of its dissemination activities. Proper announcements are made in FULLSPECTRUM web page (http://www.fullspectrum-eu.org). Work and results Solaronix is involved in the Molecular based concepts sub-project, which consists of 4 workpackages WP4.1: Flat Plat Concentrator (FPC)– Practical Devices WP4.2: Ultimate Light Concentrator Performance WP4.3. FPC stability assessment WP4.4: Dye & Quantum dots assessment (as sensitizer and/or “two-photon” absorber) In 2007, the work focused on the stability testing (WP4.3) and the preparation of new dyes to be tested in dye solar cells (WP4.4). The stability of the CRS040 dye was tested by irradiating in high intensity monochromatic light a solution of this dye in ethylacetate. Two samples were irradiated at 470 and 589 nm for 100 hours in high intensity LED. FULLSPECTRUM, T. Meyer, Solaronix 4/8
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Forschung, April 2008 Programm Phot
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Programm Photovoltaik Ausgabe 2008
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T. Meyer ORGAPVNET: Coordination Ac
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PROGRAMM PHOTOVOLTAIK Eidgenössisc
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1. Programmschwerpunkte und anvisie
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Ein neues KTI-Projekt Flexible Phot
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In einem neuen, durch den Axpo Natu
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Performanz und Energieproduktion vo
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ERGÄNZENDE PROJEKTE UND STUDIEN En
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in diesem Projekt für die Koordina
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5. Pilot- und Demonstrationsprojekt
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Produktionskapazität von insgesamt
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[26] H. Häberlin, L. Borgna, D. Gf
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[89] Konzept der Energieforschung d
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Solarzellen C. Ballif, J. Bailat, F
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Département fédéral de l’envir
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3/9 Fig. 1: Refractive index n and
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5/9 V oc [mV] 940 920 900 880 860 8
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7/9 Fig. 5: Top) SEM micrographs of
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9/9 Acknowledgements The co-workers
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Seite 40 von 288 Introduction and f
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Seite 42 von 288 Introduction / Pro
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Seite 44 von 288 Results The amorph
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Seite 46 von 288 Collaborations IMT
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Seite 48 von 288 Introduction / Pro
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Seite 50 von 288 High efficiency so
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Seite 52 von 288 Towards low costs
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Eidgenössisches Departement für U
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3/6 The Athlet consortium comprises
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5/6 Large area cluster deposition s
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SIWIS Département fédéral de l
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3/6 Results Defects characterizatio
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5/6 The test methodology was optimi
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Seite 70 von 288 Summary of Applied
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Seite 72 von 288 Table 5 summarizes
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Page 89 and 90: Seite 86 von 288 Intensity / arb. u
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Page 94 and 95: 3/6 Work and results Alternative Ba
Page 96 and 97: 5/6 As expected the addition of Na
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Page 100 and 101: 3/9 ZnO:Al/ZnO was deposited by rf-
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Page 111 and 112: Introduction The work to be reporte
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Page 117 and 118: Introduction Dye-sensitized solar c
Page 119 and 120: Figure 2: Upper panel: isodensity p
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Page 135 and 136: Project Goals The goal is the estab
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Page 140 and 141: 3/7 � PECVD/Sputtering Co-deposit
Page 142 and 143: 5/7 Work and results SP2.4 - Nanola
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Page 147 and 148: Projektziele In der Schweiz bestehe
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Page 151 and 152: Energy Center (EC) der EPFL Univers
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The blind round-robin proved that o
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Einleitung / Projektziele Herstelle
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Abb. 1, und deren Mittelwert für d
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Aus Gleichung (1) ergeben sich der
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Abb. 7: Abhängigkeit des Wirkungsg
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Der Rechengang zu Abb.8 läuft wie
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Wie erwartet ist der Jahresmittelwe
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Projektziele für 2007 � Ununterb
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Generator-Korrekturfaktor k G in %
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WR-Defekte pro WR-Betriebsjahr 0.8
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Nationale / internationale Zusammen
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Einleitung / Projektziele Dezentral
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BON: Betrieb ohne Netz oder USV-Bet
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An einem Workshop mit EWs in Kalifo
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Challenges The liberalisation of th
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W 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 1
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PV-BUK Eidgenössisches Departement
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3/6 häufigsten traten jedoch Gesam
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5/6 Die Gespräche mit verschiedene
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3/10 Tab. 1: Overview of the types
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5/10 Tab. 2: Key parameters of the
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7/10 horizontal surface (kWh/m 2 )
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9/10 6. Conclusion and Outlook The
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3/9 Fig.2: Photograph of SiO2:CdS s
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5/9 Fig. 4: Photoluminescence spect
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7/9 In general, the performance of
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9/9 Conclusions � A large Stokes
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Einleitung / Projektziele Solaranla
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Internationale Koordination P. Hüs
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Kurzbeschrieb des Projekts Task 1 u
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Trends Report Basierend auf den Dat
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Einleitung / Projektziele Die Ziele
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Case Studies Als Ergänzung zu den
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3/10 Ziele 2007 Die Ziele der REPIC
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5/10 Die restlichen 13 Projektantr
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7/10 Stand der technischen REPIC Pr
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9/10 Förderung der Solarenergie f
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3/6 Les avantages pour le consommat
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5/6 SOUS-TÂCHE 4 « Information et
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3/3 Turbidity climatology Turbidity
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Einleitung / Projektziele Normenarb
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IEC 62548 Installation and Safety R
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Referenzen Eine vollständige Liste
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Introduction and Goals PV ERA NET i
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WP2: Strategy Issues: The main acti
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A dedicated transnational call “P
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Databases have been developed for o
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