Alternative Energy Draft EA - NASA Visitor Center at Wallops Flight ...
Alternative Energy Draft EA - NASA Visitor Center at Wallops Flight ... Alternative Energy Draft EA - NASA Visitor Center at Wallops Flight ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS Tables Table ES-1: Summary of Environmental Impacts for the Proposed Action and Alternatives ...................................................................................................................iii Table 1: Use of Renewable Energy in FY08 and FY09, Predicted Contribution of Alternative Energy Project in FY10............................................................................... 6 Table 2: NASA Annual Electricity Usage and Cost, FY02 to FY10............................................. 6 Table 3: Basic Data for 2.0 MW Wind Turbine ............................................................................ 9 Table 4: Basic Data for 2.4 kW Wind Turbine.............................................................................. 9 Table 5: Basic Data for Representative Solar Panels................................................................... 14 Table 6: Comparison of Costs Among the Action Alternatives .................................................. 29 Table 7: National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...................................................................... 43 Table 8: Calendar Year 2008 Air Emissions at WFF .................................................................. 44 Table 9: Calendar Year 2008 Greenhouse Gas Emissions at WFF by Pollutant......................... 45 Table 10: Typical Noise Levels of Familiar Noise Sources and Public Responses .................... 47 Table 11: Accomack County Noise Guidelines by Land Use ..................................................... 48 Table 12: Species Abundance Summary October 2008–October 2009....................................... 58 Table 13: Avian Observations by Class of Species ..................................................................... 59 Table 14: Number of Bird Observations by Month and Survey Effort ....................................... 60 Table 15: Threatened and Endangered Species in the Vicinity of WFF...................................... 67 Table 16: Town Population and Housing Units in Accomack County in 2008........................... 76 Table 17: Occupational Distribution (percent) ............................................................................ 77 Table 18: Income and Poverty ..................................................................................................... 77 Table 19: Environmental Justice Concerns – by Census Tract, Accomack County, VA............ 78 Table 20: Wetland Impacts under the Proposed Action .............................................................. 96 Table 21: Proposed Action Construction Emissions for WFF Mainland/Wallops Island......... 102 Table 22: Proposed Action GHG Construction Emissions for WFF Mainland/Wallops Island.......................................................................................................................... 103 Table 23: Alternative One Construction Emissions for WFF Mainland/Wallops Island .......... 104 Table 24: Alternative Two Construction Emissions for WFF Main Base................................. 105 Table 25: Determination of Effects on Federally Listed Threatened and Endangered Species ....................................................................................................................... 122 Table 26: Aesthetics Analysis Vantage Points .......................................................................... 136 Table 27: Area of Wetlands Affected for Current Proposed Projects on Wallops Island ......... 143 Table 28: Area of Wetlands Affected from Past Projects on Wallops Island............................ 143 Table 29: WFF Cumulative Project Criteria Pollutant Emissions in Tons................................ 144 Table 30: Emissions Reduction Resulting from Central Boiler Plant Decentralization in Tons............................................................................................................................ 145 Table 31: WFF Cumulative Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Metric Tonnes.................. 145 Table 32: Determination of Effects to Federally Protected Species for WFF Projects ............. 147 Table 33: Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals Consulted................................................ 159 Figures Figure 1: Project Location Map ..................................................................................................... 3 Figure 2: Diagram of Major Wind Turbine Components .............................................................. 8 Figure 3: 2.0 MW Wind Turbine Siting Analysis........................................................................ 11 xiv
TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 4: Potentially Suitable Areas for Installation of Residential-Scale Wind Turbines ......... 15 Figure 5: Solar Panel Areas ......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 6: Proposed Location of 2.0 MW Wind Turbines and Staging Areas.............................. 23 Figure 7: Oblique Conceptual Rendering of Wind Turbines – Viewed from the Northeast Toward the Southwest.................................................................................................. 25 Figure 8: Land Use....................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 9: Surface Water and Wetlands ........................................................................................ 37 Figure 10: Floodplains ................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 11: Atlantic Flyway Migration Routes............................................................................. 53 Figure 12: Bat Detectors and Avian Observation Locations ....................................................... 55 Figure 13: Federally Protected Bat Species Locations in Virginia.............................................. 63 Figure 14: Protected Species in the Vicinity of Wallops Island .................................................. 69 Figure 15: Wallops Mainland and Southern Wallops Island Prehistoric Archaeological Site Sensitivity ............................................................................................................. 81 Figure 16: Wallops Mainland and Southern Wallops Island Historic Archaeological Site Sensitivity..................................................................................................................... 83 Figure 17: Oblique Aerial View of Wallops Island Viewed from the South End of the Island Looking North ................................................................................................... 89 Figure 18: Wetland Mitigation..................................................................................................... 99 Figure 19: Five Community Viewshed Vantage Points ............................................................ 137 xv
- Page 1 and 2: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WALL
- Page 3 and 4: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ALTE
- Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION Executive Summary This
- Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary increase the over
- Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary Resource Proposed
- Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary Resource Proposed
- Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary Resource Proposed
- Page 15 and 16: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Page 17: TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.2.1 Post-Constr
- Page 21 and 22: ACHP Advisory Council on Historic P
- Page 23 and 24: NPS National Park Service NRHP Nati
- Page 25 and 26: Mission, Purpose and Need, Backgrou
- Page 28 and 29: Mission, Purpose and Need, Backgrou
- Page 30 and 31: 1.4.2 Need Proposed Action and Alte
- Page 32 and 33: Proposed Action and Alternatives Fi
- Page 34: Proposed Action and Alternatives 2.
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- Page 42: Proposed Action and Alternatives mo
- Page 45 and 46: 2.3 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE
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- Page 51 and 52: Decommissioning Proposed Action and
- Page 53 and 54: turbines because these costs would
- Page 55 and 56: SECTION THREE: AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
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- Page 60: Affected Environment The Virginia S
- Page 63 and 64: Affected Environment FIRM Community
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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
Figure 4: Potentially Suitable Areas for Install<strong>at</strong>ion of Residential-Scale Wind Turbines ......... 15<br />
Figure 5: Solar Panel Areas ......................................................................................................... 19<br />
Figure 6: Proposed Loc<strong>at</strong>ion of 2.0 MW Wind Turbines and Staging Areas.............................. 23<br />
Figure 7: Oblique Conceptual Rendering of Wind Turbines – Viewed from the Northeast<br />
Toward the Southwest.................................................................................................. 25<br />
Figure 8: Land Use....................................................................................................................... 33<br />
Figure 9: Surface W<strong>at</strong>er and Wetlands ........................................................................................ 37<br />
Figure 10: Floodplains ................................................................................................................. 41<br />
Figure 11: Atlantic Flyway Migr<strong>at</strong>ion Routes............................................................................. 53<br />
Figure 12: B<strong>at</strong> Detectors and Avian Observ<strong>at</strong>ion Loc<strong>at</strong>ions ....................................................... 55<br />
Figure 13: Federally Protected B<strong>at</strong> Species Loc<strong>at</strong>ions in Virginia.............................................. 63<br />
Figure 14: Protected Species in the Vicinity of <strong>Wallops</strong> Island .................................................. 69<br />
Figure 15: <strong>Wallops</strong> Mainland and Southern <strong>Wallops</strong> Island Prehistoric Archaeological<br />
Site Sensitivity ............................................................................................................. 81<br />
Figure 16: <strong>Wallops</strong> Mainland and Southern <strong>Wallops</strong> Island Historic Archaeological Site<br />
Sensitivity..................................................................................................................... 83<br />
Figure 17: Oblique Aerial View of <strong>Wallops</strong> Island Viewed from the South End of the<br />
Island Looking North ................................................................................................... 89<br />
Figure 18: Wetland Mitig<strong>at</strong>ion..................................................................................................... 99<br />
Figure 19: Five Community Viewshed Vantage Points ............................................................ 137<br />
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