Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
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<strong>Health</strong> systems in transition <strong>Canada</strong> 15<br />
Table 1.11<br />
Main causes of death in <strong>Canada</strong> and selected countries by sex, latest available years<br />
Cause of death, age-standardized rates<br />
per 100 000 people <strong>Canada</strong> Australia France Sweden<br />
United<br />
Kingdom<br />
United<br />
States<br />
Year 2004 2006 2008 2008 2009 2007<br />
Ischaemic heart disease, males 123 99 50 118 110 129<br />
Ischaemic heart disease, females 61 52 19 58 50 68<br />
Stroke, males 34 36 31 45 42 32<br />
Stroke, females 29 34 22 36 39 29<br />
All cancers, males 205 184 221 165 199 185<br />
All cancers, females 143 115 111 125 141 130<br />
Lung cancer, males 60 40 57 29 48 57<br />
Lung cancer, females 36 20 14 22 30 36<br />
Breast cancer 22.4 18.5 22.3 19.1 23.2 19.8<br />
Prostate cancer 21.2 24.3 20.0 32.7 23.3 17.5<br />
Road accidents, male 12.8 10.9 10.8 6.3 6.2 21.1<br />
Road accidents, female 4.9 3.4 2.9 2.0 1.7 8.3<br />
Suicide, males 15.7 11.9 21.6 16.1 9.8 17.1<br />
Suicide, females 4.9 3.3 6.8 6.0 2.6 4.3<br />
Source: OECD (2011).<br />
While oral health has improved steadily over the last half century, there<br />
is considerable evidence that the lack of public programmes and funding has<br />
slowed potential progress in addressing dental health (Grignon et al., 2010)<br />
(Table 1.12). The <strong>Canada</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Measures Survey of 2007–2009 found that<br />
58.8% of Canadian adolescents have one or more teeth negatively affected by<br />
dental caries (<strong>Health</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, 2010).<br />
Based on 2006 data (Table 1.11), both males and females in <strong>Canada</strong> had<br />
lower ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates than in Sweden, the United<br />
Kingdom and the United States. While females had a heart disease mortality<br />
rate that was equal to the rate in Australia, males had a considerably higher rate<br />
than that of Australian males. In all cases, France had the lowest IHD mortality<br />
rate. According to one study based on a national longitudinal population survey,<br />
increases in the incidence of heart disease had a strong income bias in <strong>Canada</strong>.<br />
Between 1994 and 2005, IHD incidence increased by 27% and 37% respectively<br />
in the lower income and lower middle-income categories, while it increased by<br />
12% and 6% respectively in the upper middle and highest income categories<br />
(Lee et al., 2009).