Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>Health</strong> systems in transition <strong>Canada</strong> 177<br />
by the WHO <strong>Regional</strong> <strong>Office</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> <strong>for</strong> the purpose of monitoring <strong>Health</strong><br />
in All Policies in <strong>Europe</strong>. It is updated <strong>for</strong> distribution twice a year from various<br />
sources, relying largely upon official figures provided by governments, as well<br />
as health statistics collected by the technical units of the WHO <strong>Regional</strong> <strong>Office</strong><br />
<strong>for</strong> <strong>Europe</strong>. The standard <strong>Health</strong> <strong>for</strong> All data have been officially approved<br />
by national governments. With its summer 2007 edition, the <strong>Health</strong> <strong>for</strong> All<br />
database started to take account of the enlarged EU of 27 Member States.<br />
HiT authors are encouraged to discuss the data in the text in detail, including<br />
the standard figures prepared by the Observatory staff, especially if there are<br />
concerns about discrepancies between the data available from different sources.<br />
A typical HiT consists of nine chapters.<br />
1. Introduction: outlines the broader context of the health system, including<br />
geography and sociodemography, economic and political context, and<br />
population health.<br />
2. <strong>Organization</strong> and governance: provides an overview of how the health<br />
system in the country is organized, governed, planned and regulated, as<br />
well as the historical background of the system; outlines the main actors<br />
and their decision-making powers; and describes the level of patient<br />
empowerment in the areas of in<strong>for</strong>mation, choice, rights, complaints<br />
procedures, public participation and cross-border health care.<br />
3. Financing: provides in<strong>for</strong>mation on the level of expenditure and the<br />
distribution of health spending across different service areas, sources of<br />
revenue, how resources are pooled and allocated, who is covered, what<br />
benefits are covered, the extent of user charges and other out-of-pocket<br />
payments, voluntary health insurance and how providers are paid.<br />
4. Physical and human resources: deals with the planning and distribution of<br />
capital stock and investments, infrastructure and medical equipment; the<br />
context in which IT systems operate; and human resource input into the<br />
health system, including in<strong>for</strong>mation on work<strong>for</strong>ce trends, professional<br />
mobility, training and career paths.<br />
5. Provision of services: concentrates on the organization and delivery<br />
of services and patient flows, addressing public health, primary care,<br />
secondary and tertiary care, day care, emergency care, pharmaceutical<br />
care, rehabilitation, long-term care, services <strong>for</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mal carers, palliative<br />
care, mental health care, dental care, complementary and alternative<br />
medicine, and health services <strong>for</strong> specific populations.