Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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118 Health systems in transition Canada and antibiotics prepared from alga, bacterium or fungus). Natural health products are sold in dosage form and are designed for: use in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease, disorder or abnormal physical state or its symptoms in humans; to maintain or promote health; to restore or correct human health function; to restore or correct organic functions in humans; or to modify organic functions in humans in a manner that maintains or promotes health. Based on a Statistics Canada survey completed in 2007, there were 290 specialist health product firms in Canada selling tens of thousands of natural health products and generating C$1.7 billion in revenues (Cinnamon, 2009). 5.14 Health services for Aboriginal Canadians The term “Aboriginal Canadians” includes First Nations, Inuit and Métis residents, a reference to the descendants of peoples who lived in the geographical expanses now called Canada before European settlement. Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for providing all their residents, including Aboriginal Canadians, with insured services under the Canada Health Act. The federal government funds and administers nursing stations, health promotion/disease prevention programmes and public health services on First Nation reserves and in Inuit communities and also provides on-reserve primary care and emergency care services in remote and isolated areas where P/T insured services are not available. In addition, the federal government provides roughly 846 000 eligible First Nations and Inuit with non-insured health benefits (see section 2.3.2). Historically, government efforts to target the health needs of Aboriginal Canadians have achieved limited success. For example, in the case of dental health, federally funded coverage of dental services for eligible First Nations and Inuit under the “non-insured health benefits” programme seems to have had a limited impact on reducing disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians (Lawrence et al., 2009; Grignon et al., 2010). As a consequence of these persistent disparities, Aboriginal organizations and leaders have argued for greater control over the funding and delivery of health services. Since the 1990s, a series of health-funding transfer agreements between the federal government and eligible First Nations and Inuit organizations has permitted a greater degree of Aboriginal control, particularly in areas of primary health care (Lavoie, 2004). Such initiatives have spurred an Aboriginal health movement advocating a more uniquely Aboriginal philosophy
Health systems in transition Canada 119 to health and health care. In the same vein, the National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO) was established in 2000 with a mandate to improve the health of First Nation, Inuit and Métis individuals, families and communities. 4 According to Lemchuk-Favel & Jock (2004), the strengths of the Aboriginal health movement, beyond the potential benefits of self-empowerment and control, includes holistic healing that takes a culturally distinct approach to primary health care with an emphasis on the synergies produced by combining indigenous health and medicines with more conventional health approaches. 4 NAHO was officially closed in June 2012 following cuts in the federal governments budget of 2012.
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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Preface The Health Systems in Trans
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Acknowledgements The HiT on Canada
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List of abbreviations Abbreviations
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Abstract Canada is a high-income co
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