Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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98 Health systems in transition Canada (but not limited to) orthodontists, periodontists, endodontists and paediatric dentists. A number of allied dental professionals support dentists and dental specialists in their work, including dental asssistants, dental hygienists and dental therapists. Provincial dental organizations are responsible for licensing and self-regulating various professional subgroups, although the Royal College of Dentists of Canada plays a role similar to the RCPSC in setting standards for postgraduate education and training. 4.2.4 Career paths There are few formalized managerial and policy career paths for clinicians, including doctors and nurses, within the health system. This is despite the fact that, increasingly, clinicians are asked to take on managerial roles within health systems. As a consequence, career paths are being developed but in an ad hoc and varying manner by individual health care organizations. Originally established in 1970, the Canadian College of Health Leaders – originally known as the Canadian College of Health Service Executives – provides professional support including a journal, professional programmes and services. It also offers a competency-based “Certified Health Executive” programme for its members, some of whom include existing and former clinicians.
5. Provision of services Although it is difficult to generalize given the decentralized nature of health services administration and delivery in Canada, the typical patient pathway starts with a visit to a family physician, who then determines the course of basic treatment, if any. Family physicians act as gatekeepers: they decide whether their patients should obtain diagnostic tests, prescription drug therapies or be referred to medical specialists. However, provincial ministries of health have renewed efforts to reform primary care in the last decade. Many of these reform efforts focus on moving from the traditional physician-only practice to interprofessional primary care teams that provide a broader range of primary health care services on a 24-hour, 7-day-aweek basis. In cases where the patient does not have a regular family physician or needs help after regular clinic hours, the first point of contact may be a walk-in medical clinic or a hospital emergency department. Illness prevention services including disease screening may be provided by a family physician, a public health office or within a dedicated screening programme. All provincial and territorial governments have public health and health promotion initiatives. They also conduct health surveillance and manage epidemic response. While PHAC develops and manages programmes supporting public health throughout Canada, most day-to-day public health activities and supporting infrastructure remains with the provincial and territorial governments. Almost all acute care is provided in public or non-profit-making private hospitals in Canada, although some specialized ambulatory and advanced diagnostic services may be provided in private profit-making clinics. Most hospitals have an emergency department that is fed by independent emergency medical service units providing first response care to patients while being transported to emergency departments. 5. Provision of services
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Health Systems in Transition Gregor
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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Preface The Health Systems in Trans
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Acknowledgements The HiT on Canada
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List of abbreviations Abbreviations
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List of tables and figures Tables p
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Abstract Canada is a high-income co
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The European Observatory on Health
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Canada - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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