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pitched THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL tower roof was a utilitarian feature onlj:^ until the devotional art of the xivth and xvth centuries caught the idea, and developed it magnificently into the beautiful and elongated spire that has become so distinctive and suggestive a feature of our Christian churches." The period which followed the Lancet or Early English type of Gothic was the Decorated, which, tion, is subdivided in Sharpe's classifica- *' into geometrical " and "curvilinear," these terms being derived from the form of the window tracery. The geometric style was arrived at by the study of figures arising from circles, while the curvilinear is distinguished by traceries, formed by flowing lines. Of this variety of architecture Wirral possesses but little that is genuine, though, in the beautiful church at Thurstaston, we have a very perfect model of the Decorated style, and it is really there that it is best studied. Original windows may be seen at Eastham, where the east window of the chancel and the west window of the tower belong to the geometric order. The east window at Thurstaston is curvilinear, while the east window of the chancel at Lower Bebing- 36
ARCHITECTURE OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES ton exhibits the transition from the Decorated to the Perpendicular style. At Thurstaston, too, the Gothic system oi' stone roofing is exquisitely copied. In both churches the buttresses are typical. They consist, as a rule, of two stages, each division being sloped at the top to carry off rain, and they are set in pairs at the angles of the churches, at right angles to each other. Later buttresses were set singly and diagonally as in the Perpendicular porch at Woodchurch. The Perpendicular order or, as it is also called, " Rectilinear " or " Tudor- Gothic," is the last division of Gothic architecture and is considered, chiefly on account of the flattening of the arch, to mark its decadence. The gradual widening of the arch is, of course, observed from the Lancet period downwards. Of this Perpendicular order there are several fine examples in Wirral, and it is one that is simple to identify. The flattened or "four-centered" arch is its chief characteristic, and is seen very typically in the chancel of Lower Bebington church, in the windows of both aisles in Eastham church, in the south porchway of Woodchurch, and in most of the tower doorways 37
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RAMBLES ROUND THE OLD CHURCHES OF
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VUA/ttvj J1a-X \-A-Ajj.A/./;i>LLAO
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P/iy II . II. Ti'inkim^on OLD GOTHI
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D/4 C6pB65 ^0 Mv iFattier.
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Introduction. at Nesto7i, Bromborou
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Introduction. I believe that Dr. Bu
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Preface. sent volume is placed a Bi
Page 22 and 23: Preface. I wish to thank the follow
Page 24 and 25: Contents. CHAPTER IV. The Old Churc
Page 26 and 27: Contents. CHAPTER XII. Old Wood-car
Page 28: List of Illustrations. FACING PLATE
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Page 45 and 46: GROWTH OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES John
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Page 51 and 52: GROWTH OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES Our L
Page 53 and 54: GROWTH OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES mon t
Page 55 and 56: GROWTH OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES paris
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER II. THE ARCHITECTURE OF WIR
Page 59 and 60: ARCHITECTURE OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES
Page 62 and 63: Pliotounii'li /" " • H. Toiiil^ii
Page 64 and 65: THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL church,
Page 71: ARCHITECTURE OF WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES
Page 75: I'l:rim:xi)I(1 i.Au doorww WEST KJR
Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER III. THE BELLS OF WIRRAL. B
Page 80: THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL placed o
Page 83 and 84: THE BELLS OF WIRRAL a peal of eight
Page 85 and 86: 4. 5. 6. THE BELLS OF WIRRAL " WBi\
Page 87 and 88: THE BELLS OF WIRRAL The custom of e
Page 89 and 90: THE BELLS OF WIRRAL some repairs in
Page 91 and 92: THE BELLS OF WIHRAL be in tune with
Page 93 and 94: THE BELLS OF WIRRAL eight bells 40,
Page 95 and 96: THE BELLS OF WIRRAL utterly forborn
Page 97 and 98: THE BELLS OF WIIIRAL In connection
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Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER IV. THE OLD CHURCHYARDS OF
Page 103 and 104: THE OLD CHURCHYARDS OF WIRRAL was g
Page 105 and 106: THE OLD CHURCHYARDS OF WIRRAL direc
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Page 109 and 110: THE OLD CHURCHYARDS OF WIRRAL them
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Page 114 and 115: PLATE VII. From tin oiiiliiiitl Pei
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HOLY WATER STOUF WOODCHURCH P/ioloi
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL living ;
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CHAPTER V. WIRRAL CHURCH DEDICATION
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL cast hol
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL once a p
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL she neve
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL '* A Per
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL ation ap
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL greater
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WIRRAL CHURCH DEDICATIONS affirms t
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WIRRAL CHURCH DEDICATIONS liberated
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WIRRAL CHURCH DEDICATIONS were brok
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CHAPTER VI. THE OLD FONTS OF WIRRAL
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THE OLD FONTS OF WIRRAL This very c
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THE OLD FONTS OF WIRRAL ears, nostr
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THE OLD FONTS OF WIRRAL obligation
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THE OLD FONTS OF WIRRAL church, was
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Phnt.iiJ'iit'lt 1'^ >!'// Titinkiii
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL Wirral,
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL customs
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CHAPTER VII. OLD PEWS AND PULPITS I
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL attended
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL and lean
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL preceden
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OLD PEWS AND PULPITS parchment prin
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OLD PEWS AND PULPITS diction. One S
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OLD PEWS AND PULPITS were clusterin
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OLD PEWS AND PULPITS Shotwick the o
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OLD PEWS AND PULPITS was about to b
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OLD PEWS AND PULPITS our, * the cus
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I'LATE XIII. I'lioloiJrtil'li hy Al
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL BIBLIOGR
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL sewiden
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL was foun
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL BTune ^f
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL an early
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL Foxe's B
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OLD BIBLES AND BOOKS belonged to Bi
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OLD BIBLES AND BOOKS BIBLIOGRAPHY.
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THE ALTAR IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES an
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THE ALTAR IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES in
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THE ALTAR IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES Bu
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THE ALTAR IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES of
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THE ALTAR IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES br
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THE ALTAR IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHES J.
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OLD PLATE IN WIRRAL CHURCHES THE mo
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OLD PLATE IN WIRRAL CHURCHES The fo
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OLD PLATE IN WIRRAL CHURCHES And as
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I'liotoiixil'h by tlif AutliLT ELIZ
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL SO ordin
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OLD PLATE IN WIRRAL CHURCHES About
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f'liolot/riil'/i h\ W. II. Toinkiii
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL died Oct
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL eel. Thr
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL means of
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL my Lord.
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL drinking
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL Martene
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CHANCEL RELICS IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCH
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CHAPTER XII. OLD WOOD-CARVINGS IN W
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OLD WOOD-CARVINGS IN WIRRAL CHURCHE
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2. PLATE XIX. Photoorahli by ft'. /
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL of this
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ALMS DISH RACKFORD CHURCH PLATE XXT
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL fusion t
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS is a
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS Hous
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS requ
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HATCHxMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS the
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS 7.
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS thos
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS high
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HATCHMENTS AND HERALDIC PANELS comm
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iii:k \i 1 )i( r\Ni:i. l'/iottUJ"i/
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL seen in
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL The comm
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL united b
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CHAPTER XIV. STAINED GLASS IN THE O
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL or it wo
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL the vari
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL was most
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL To the l
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the old churches of wirral St. Pete
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THE OLD CHURCHES OF WIRRAL three wi
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STAINED GLASS IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHE
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stained glass in wirral old churche
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STAINED GLASS IN WIRRAL OLD CHURCHE
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INDEX ALMS BOXES PAGE 200 Altar At
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INDEX. Chancel 8, PAGE. 159 Churchy
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INDEX. PAGE. Chained Bibles 143, 14
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INDEX. PAGE. Easter Sepulchre UASTH
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INDEX. PAGE. MANTLING 215, 216 Mars
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INDEX. PAGE. Saint Andrew St. Barth
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INDEX. THORNTON HOUGH Three-decker
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Form L9-Series 4939 UNIVERSITY OF C
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