Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC
Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin
are directly modelled by SWAT using these input data. This approach results in major advantages,
such as:
o Un-gauged watersheds with no monitoring data (e.g. stream gauge data) can be successfully
modelled.
o The relative impact of alternative input data (e.g. changes in management practices, climate,
vegetation, etc.) on water quantity, quality or other variables of interest can be quantified.
o The model uses readily available inputs. The minimum data required to make a SWAT run are
the commonly available data from local government agencies.
o The model is computationally efficient. Simulation of very large basins or a variety of
management strategies can be performed without excessive investment of time or money.
o The model enables users to study impacts on account of human interventions which makes it
very suitable for scenario generation.
o The model is also capable of incorporating the climate change conditions to quantify the
impacts of change.
o The model has gained a wide global acceptability. Currently 720 peer reviewed papers have
been published based on the SWAT model (http://swatmodel.tamu.edu ). The current rate of
publication is about 120 peer reviewed papers per year. There are more than 90 countries
using the model for practical applications and at the least, more than 200 graduate students all
over the world are using it as part of their M.S. or Ph.D. research program. In the U.S alone,
more than 25 universities have adopted the model in graduate level teaching classes.
182. SWAT is a public domain model actively supported by the Grassland, Soil and Water Research
Laboratory (Temple, TX, USA) of the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
3. SWAT Model Setup
183. Spatial data used in setting up the SWAT model included:
o Digital Elevation Model: SRTM, of 90 m resolution 42
o Drainage Network – Hydroshed 43
o Soil maps and associated soil characteristics (source: FAO Global soil) 44
o Land use: Global Map of Land Use/Land Cover Areas (GMLULCA), IWMI‘s Global Map of
Irrigated Areas (GMIA) (source: IWMI) 45
184. Hydro-meteorological data pertaining to the river basin required for modelling include daily
rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed. These
weather data were available as per following details:
o IMD gridded weather data (1971–2004) – 5 years of weather data was used as
warmup/setup period for the Kshipra basin model thus outputs were available from 1976
to 2004
o Climate Change: PRECIS Regional Climate Model outputs for Baseline (1961–1990, BL) ,
near term (2021-2050, MC) and long term or end-century (2071-2098, EC) for A1B IPCC
SRES scenario 46 (Q14 QUMP ensemble)
185. Mapping the Kshipra Basin: The ArcSWAT (Winchell et al., 2007 47 ) interface was used to preprocess
the spatial data for the Kshipra river system. Figure 48 shows the DEM derived from the
42 http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org
43 http://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov/
44 http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/fao.html
45 http://www.iwmigiam.org/info/main/index.asp
46 http://www.tropmet.res.in/static_page.php?page_id=51
47 Winchell, M., Srinivasan, R., Di Luzio, M., Arnold, J., 2007. ArcSWAT interface for SWAT2005. User's Guide.
BRC, TAES, USDA-ARS, Temple, TX
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