Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC
Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin vii
E. Groundwater......................................................................................................... 62
F. Government Institutions ....................................................................................... 67
VIII. CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS .................................................................... 73
A. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 73
B. Summary of Observed Changes to the Present Time .......................................... 73
C. Relevant Climate Change Studies and Findings .................................................. 73
D. Scenarios for Change ........................................................................................... 74
E. Analysis of the Climate Change Data ................................................................... 80
F. Water Resources .................................................................................................. 80
FIGURES
Figure 1: Kshipra sub-basin .......................................................................................................................... 1
Figure 2: Hydrometric Network ..................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3: Hydrometeorological Sites ............................................................................................................. 2
Figure 4: Project Locations ........................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 5: Climatic Norms Indore ................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 6: Potential Evapotranspiration and Effective Rainfall ....................................................................... 5
Figure 7: Mean Annual Precipitation ............................................................................................................. 6
Figure 8: Coefficients of Variation of Annual Rainfall ................................................................................... 6
Figure 9: Deviation from Mean Annual Rainfall at IMD Grids ....................................................................... 7
Figure 10: Mean Annual Precipitation in the Kshipra .................................................................................... 8
Figure 11: Coefficient of Variation in Mean Precipitation .............................................................................. 9
Figure 12: Coefficients of Variation in JJAS Rainfall .................................................................................. 10
Figure 13: Mean JJAS Precipitation ............................................................................................................ 10
Figure 14: Coefficients of Variation in OND Rainfall ................................................................................... 11
Figure 15: Mean JF Precipitation ................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 16: Co-efficient of Variation in JJAS Rainfall ................................................................................... 12
Figure 17: Kharif Season Drought with 10mm threshold ............................................................................ 13
Figure 18: Rabi Season Drought Durations with 10mm threshold.............................................................. 13
Figure 19: Time Series of Annual Droughts with 10mm threshold in Kharif Season .................................. 14
Figure 20: Locations of IMD observed raingauge stations in the Kshipra basins ...................................... 15
Figure 21: Time series of southwest monsoon rainfall at Indore ................................................................ 17
Figure 22 Time series of southwest monsoon rainfall at Ujjain .................................................................. 17
Figure 23: Drip Irrigation in Dewas ............................................................................................................. 24
Figure 25: Hydrogeological Map ................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 26: Groundwater Ujjain .................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 27: Groundwater Dewas .................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 28: Groundwater Observation Wells ................................................................................................ 28
Figure 29: Pre and Post Monsoon Depth to Groundwater .......................................................................... 29
Figure 30: Hydrographs Dewas and Ujjain ................................................................................................. 30
Figure 31: Hydrograph of Indore and Ujjain ................................................................................................ 31
Figure 32: Electrical Conductivity ................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 33: Areas Identified for Artificial Recharge in MP ............................................................................ 32
Figure 34: Structure of Users and Providers............................................................................................... 37
Figure 35: Possible Methods to Improve Water Efficiency (% households) Dewas ................................... 41
Figure 36: Possible Methods to Improve Water Efficiency (% households) Indore .................................... 42
Figure 37: Possible Methods to Improve Efficiency (% households) Ujjain ................................................ 43
Figure 38: Climate Changes as Observer in the Last 10 years .................................................................. 46
Figure 39: Water Management Issues ........................................................................................................ 48
Figure 40: Indore Potential Evapotranspiration and Effective Rainfall ....................................................... 60
Figure 41 : Gated Pipe and Furrow Irrigation.............................................................................................. 61
Figure 42: Cross Section of the Aquifer ...................................................................................................... 63