Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

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Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin derived contaminants such as nitrate should be targeted to reduce or eliminate their production at source. Key issues in the definition of an integrated strategy for mitigation of a naturally-occurring trace element problem in groundwater 31 is shown in Table: 33 below: Table: 33 Key Issues ACTION ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED SHORT TERM Evaluation of Problem Water Supply Management • appropriate scale (local/provincial/national) for groundwater quality survey • selection of appropriate analytical technique(s) (field kit/lab method) • government initiative versus private responsibility • availability of specialist advice for hydrogeochemical interpretation • assessment of other potential groundwater quality problems • advice on well use (community information/well closure or labelling) • practical and social considerations on well switching • prioritization of field analytical screening (to confirm safe wells) • appropriate screening policy (universal or selective/temporal frequency) Public Health Programme • patient identification (active program or via medical consultation) • establishing relationship between health problem and water source(s) • diagnosing incipient symptoms • immediate patient treatment (organization of bottled water provision) LONG TERM Water Treatment Option •cost at scale of application (town/village/household) and Alternative Groundwater Supply effectiveness/ sustainability at scale of operation. • usually involving (a) water wells with modified (often deeper) intakes or (b) reticulation from local high-yielding, acceptable quality sources, both of which must be based upon systematic hydrogeological investigation and implemented with appropriate well construction standards Alternative Surface • sustainability in terms of drought reliability and quality variability Water Supply • evaluation of risks associated with treatment plant failure F. Government Institutions 141. The current functions of the various water sector departments in their present form do not provide adequate operational basis 32 for implementing IWRM. Effective institutions are characterized by stability and non fragmentation and non-overlapping of responsibilities, clearly defined but separated roles and is supported by strong and comprehensive, but flexible legislation, regulations, decrees, etc. and is lead by an ―apex‖ body with clearly defined regulatory functions. The functions and tasks performed by the existing institutions do not lend support for integrating climate risk management in development as adaptive development. Therefore, transformation in roles/rules and relationship among the institutions is essential which could facilitate: (i) holistic water planning; (ii) review of financial instruments like targeted subsidies to support adaptation; (iii) participation of stakeholders in planning and management; (iv) strategizing environmental management and control measures ; (v) facilitate inter basin planning and management. (vi) separation of roles like service provider-managers and regulators; (vii) conjunctive planning and regulation of surface and groundwater (viii) monitoring of quality of water (ix) effective planning for disaster (flood) management 31 Foster et al. (2006b) Natural Groundwater Quality Hazards avoiding problems and formulating mitigation strategies. GW-MATE Briefing Note Series Note 14, World Bank. 32 Source: (ADB TA NO. 7418-IND): Integrated Water Resource Management and Sustainable Water Service delivery in Karnataka- COMPONENT 1 report on Institutional Analysis and Proposed Reforms for IWRM-2010 67
Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin (x) revenue recovery mechanism to be effective (xi) post project performance evaluation (outcome & impact) is not being carried out flow and discharge measuring installations. 142. A nodal agency for ensuring coordinated and integrated planning and management approach by various water centric institutions is needed. Improved integration of planning between the departments of groundwater, surface water, agriculture and water supplies all of which are responsible or affected by the surface and groundwater management principles. 1. Public/private/community roles and initiatives 143. With the change in context, it has become necessary to explore the potentials and risks associated with the state, private and community sector roles in water management and water service provision. The appropriateness of different public/private/community roles and responsibilities in different contexts needs to be addressed. Agenda of assistance/support needs to engage with these roles and responsibilities to plan appropriate mixes of market-based, institutional and participatory approaches in management and service provision. An appropriate mix and linkage between roles, and the social acceptability of this mix and linkage, have to be identified for each specific case. 144. Community-based management raises questions of capacity, financial management and participation. Long term sustainability and better demand-driven services and infrastructure have been the major objective of involving communities in the management of the resources. As support for community systems have moved from household wells to larger-scale and more complex community piped systems, so the challenges have grown. Operations and maintenance and financial sustainability have been the biggest challenges with community managed systems, followed closely by institutional and cultural challenges. Furthermore, recent experience suggests that as rural incomes increase, communities are demanding both higher levels of service and management arrangements that release them from day-to-day decision-making. Nevertheless, community involvement in water resource management remains a significant governance prerogative. Community consultations have indicated a willingness to participate in planning and policies for sustainability. 145. Key issues: Governance reform to meet the needs the Kshipra requires integrating the largely uncontrolled groundwater abstractions into a more coordinated and directed strategy with Government and Communities working together to develop mechanisms for sustainability, combined with maximum productivity from agriculture as well as high levels of service delivery of potable water. Power is also a factor and strategies for supplying power have also to be incorporated into the planning. The state departments irrigation, potable water, agriculture, groundwater and power have to work together to coordinate their activities to develop holistic planning and strategies. It is important that planning of the rural and urban sectors is better integrated. 2. Catchment Management and Artificial Recharge 146. Integration is a key governance process to address fragmentation in managing water in its catchment context. IWRM has become the standard for good in this context. But one needs to identify the operational elements of IWRM for it to become an effective instrument for bringing water governance as there are number of perceived tensions, in catchment management through IWRM, between: (i) top-down and bottom-up approaches, (ii) the holistic philosophy that lies behind integrated river basin management and the participatory ideal of decentred decision making; (iii) the sciencebased approach that takes advantage of complex ecological knowledge, hydrological and water allocation models, and tools such as GIS, on the one hand, and community-based initiatives oriented to local knowledge on the other; (iv) catchment management institutions‘ role to allocate an increasingly scarce and finite resource (water) versus a catchment management institutional role to mobilise developmental resources and funds for new infrastructure to take yet more water off the river and (v) prescriptive approaches to river basin management and institutional design and negotiated approaches, outcomes and institutional arrangements. There is a need for convergence of the catchment management departments to better coordinate the various catchment programmes towards supporting effective groundwater recharge these would include the departments of rural development (NREGA), groundwater, forestry and panchayats. 68
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Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

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