Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC
Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin
APPENDIX 3B STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK PLAN
A. Approach
VI. INTRODUCTION
89. The issues of water resources in Kshipra sub-basin are complex; with very limited surface water
there is a very high reliance on groundwater and with evidence that current use of groundwater is
unsustainable. There are reports that climate change effects are already occurring and projections of
the likely climate changes are presented.
90. The approach taken for this study is to: (i) assess and prepare a strategic framework to meet
current issues; (ii) review and assess these proposals against projected climate change impacts and
(iii) revise and adjust the strategic framework to incorporate the projected changes into a climate
resilient adaptation framework plan
B. Summary of Key Issues
91. Water is an very major issue in the Kshipra sub-basin, with very limited surface water,
groundwater is a critical resource and groundwater overexploitation in some parts presents a key
challenge.
92. Water supplies and sanitation are major issues especially during the dry season when many
wells run dry and water has to be brought in by tanker; gradually declining groundwater is increasing
the problem. Data on rural water supplies show that only about 45%-50% of rural households are fully
covered with access to safe water 12. Rural sanitation is poor with 91% of rural households do not have
access to any form of toilets. Among those who had toilets, 43% had pit latrines and only 29% had
water closet latrines 13 . The urban centres also suffer similar problems; in Indore, water from the town
supply is severely rationed.
93. The major expansion of groundwater irrigation has provided significant benefit to the
communities and there is now a large dependency on groundwater to meet household income
requirements. Groundwater depths now require the use of submersible pumps and increased pumping
depth. Groundwater resources are depleting, the depletion is not uniform; with eight of sixteen blocks
as critical (>90% stage of groundwater GW) and the rest probably in a semi critical/marginal category.
The stage of development is shown in Table 29.
Table 29: Number of Blocks and Stage of GW Development
Nr of
Stage of GW Development (%)
90-
District Blocks >100% 100% 70-90%