Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

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Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin water out of the fields during rain. this has increased runoff and downstream silt deposition and reduced infiltration. o Horticulture is labour intensive so which is a major limitational factor for horticulture expansion. o Policy innovation and technological innovation along with training for farmers has had major impacts on the agricultural system in Madhya Pradesh. The opportunity niches have significantly scaled up over time, and good benefits have been achieved in the short term. More recently the rising scarcity in availability of agricultural labour has affected the production models. Food security has dominated the goal from public policy perspective while profitability and higher income has been the driving motivate of the farmers. o The support price for soya has provided a major incentive towards income security and led into the major expansion in the area grown under soya. o Organic farming practice is increasing slowly in Dewas. Farming household however do not feel there is enough scope for changing cropping pattern given their soya-wheat–vegetable cycles. Continuing research by BISA on wheat and maize, of JAICA on soybean to get short duration variety are seen as positive steps by farmers. There is a need for research/information on applicability of drip irrigation for soybean. Cotton cultivation has been identified as a potential interest by the communities. o Ujjain and Indore felt that with changing temperature mulching is becomeing a necessity to keep soil moisture content stable. o Only 11-42% of households think there is some possibility as they grow very little paddy anyway (0-32%). There can be substitution of wheat by zero tillage oil seed (kusum)/pisiculture etc. But shift to horticulture with irrigation infrastructure subsidy is preferred by larger number (22-53%). While farming households (83%) in Dewas think future sustainability of water supply strategy is important it is somewhat different in Indore (42% ) and Ujjain (0%). But they express funding need for strategic actions towards water quality management, management of nallas, series of dams creation etc. , desiltation. o Experts feel monocropping pattern with soyabean crop disease risk is increasing and there is need for crop diversification. Soil is becoming zinc deficient. 8. Future issues : Perception about Climate Change 74. Future issues have been very interestingly identified by the stakeholders based on their perception of changing climatic parameters and rising demand; there is less divergence among stakeholders in this regard. The objective was to ascertain the past ten year‘s perception of climate. Given the presence of stakeholders of varied age group historical past this is reflected in recall based statements. 75. Perceived change in temperature and consequent rainfall is supported by all interviewed across all cross sections during PRA or household survey. While farmers in Ujjain and Dewas are more (100%) concerned about the declining surface water availability in Indore similar (100%) concern is for declining ground water table. Increased urbanization and competing demand for water is suggested as one source of concern by the community. While 100% of households in Dewas and Ujjain favour better surface water management as desirable strategy, in Indore it is for artificial ground water recharge and managing pollution in rivers are the most favoured strategies. Villagers have very strong opinion about deforestation that is causing changes in local level rainfall patterns, as described below and in Figure 37 : o Changing climate is affecting high value cash crop as well: gram, potato, chilli, fruits papaya, vegetables. Untimely harvest time rain is damaging crops more than 40%. o Household responses on perceived changes in the last 10 years on following parameters are shown in charts below. o Most of the households are unanimous about rising temperature, declining surface water availability and ground water. 45
Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin Figure 37: Climate Changes as Observer in the Last 10 years Dewas Particulars Indore Particulars Ujjain Flood Ground Water Quality Grounr Water availability Depth to Ground Water Surface w ater availability Drought Start date of the monsoon Frost Extreme Rainfall Total Rainfall Temperature Flood Ground Water Quality Grounr Water availability Depth to Ground Water Surface w ater availability Drought Start date of the monsoon Frost Extreme Rainfall Total Rainfall Temperature 8 17 25 33 83 83 100 100 100 100 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 Percentage of households 21 53 58 63 68 79 89 95 100 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Percentage of households 46
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TA 7417- IND: Support for the Natio
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Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin Madhya
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Support to the National Water Missi
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Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

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