Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC
Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin
water out of the fields during rain. this has increased runoff and downstream silt deposition
and reduced infiltration.
o Horticulture is labour intensive so which is a major limitational factor for horticulture expansion.
o Policy innovation and technological innovation along with training for farmers has had major
impacts on the agricultural system in Madhya Pradesh. The opportunity niches have
significantly scaled up over time, and good benefits have been achieved in the short term.
More recently the rising scarcity in availability of agricultural labour has affected the production
models. Food security has dominated the goal from public policy perspective while profitability
and higher income has been the driving motivate of the farmers.
o The support price for soya has provided a major incentive towards income security and led
into the major expansion in the area grown under soya.
o Organic farming practice is increasing slowly in Dewas. Farming household however do not
feel there is enough scope for changing cropping pattern given their soya-wheat–vegetable
cycles. Continuing research by BISA on wheat and maize, of JAICA on soybean to get short
duration variety are seen as positive steps by farmers. There is a need for
research/information on applicability of drip irrigation for soybean. Cotton cultivation has been
identified as a potential interest by the communities.
o Ujjain and Indore felt that with changing temperature mulching is becomeing a necessity to
keep soil moisture content stable.
o Only 11-42% of households think there is some possibility as they grow very little paddy
anyway (0-32%). There can be substitution of wheat by zero tillage oil seed
(kusum)/pisiculture etc. But shift to horticulture with irrigation infrastructure subsidy is
preferred by larger number (22-53%). While farming households (83%) in Dewas think future
sustainability of water supply strategy is important it is somewhat different in Indore (42% )
and Ujjain (0%). But they express funding need for strategic actions towards water quality
management, management of nallas, series of dams creation etc. , desiltation.
o Experts feel monocropping pattern with soyabean crop disease risk is increasing and there is
need for crop diversification. Soil is becoming zinc deficient.
8. Future issues : Perception about Climate Change
74. Future issues have been very interestingly identified by the stakeholders based on their
perception of changing climatic parameters and rising demand; there is less divergence among
stakeholders in this regard. The objective was to ascertain the past ten year‘s perception of climate.
Given the presence of stakeholders of varied age group historical past this is reflected in recall based
statements.
75. Perceived change in temperature and consequent rainfall is supported by all interviewed across
all cross sections during PRA or household survey. While farmers in Ujjain and Dewas are more
(100%) concerned about the declining surface water availability in Indore similar (100%) concern is for
declining ground water table. Increased urbanization and competing demand for water is suggested as
one source of concern by the community. While 100% of households in Dewas and Ujjain favour
better surface water management as desirable strategy, in Indore it is for artificial ground water
recharge and managing pollution in rivers are the most favoured strategies. Villagers have very strong
opinion about deforestation that is causing changes in local level rainfall patterns, as described below
and in Figure 37
:
o Changing climate is affecting high value cash crop as well: gram, potato, chilli, fruits papaya,
vegetables. Untimely harvest time rain is damaging crops more than 40%.
o Household responses on perceived changes in the last 10 years on following parameters are
shown in charts below.
o Most of the households are unanimous about rising temperature, declining surface water
availability and ground water.
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