Kshipra Sub Basin - Asian Development Bank

Support to the National Water Mission NAPCC
Appendix 3 Kshipra Sub Basin 18
A. Introduction
II. GROUNDWATER
22. The Chambal river is a tributary of Yamuna river and rises in Vidhyan hill range in western Madhya
Pradesh. The Banas, Kali Sindh, Kshipra and Parbati are its tributaries. The Chambal basin lies between
latitude 22 0 27‘ N & 27 0 20‘ N and longitude 73 0 20‘E and 79 0 15‘ E.. The total area drained upto its
confluence with Yamuna is 143,219km 2 and out of which 76,854km 2 lies in state of Madhya Pradesh. This
basin is characterized by undulating flood-plain and ravines. River Chambal is utilized for hydro-power
generation and for irrigation. The Kshipra tributary of Chambal was a perennial river, however, now it
stops flowing a few months after the monsoon. Kshipra originates at 560m (amsl) from a hill near village
of Kampell in Indore district. The catchment area of Kshipra is 4751km 2 . The rivers Khan and Ghambir
are its main tributaries. Kshipra basin intersects the three districts of Dewas, Indore and Ujjain.
B. Groundwater
1. Aquifers
23. The main aquifer in Indore is made up of a basaltic rock formation, which is unconfined to semi
confined in nature. The hydrogeological map of the basin is shown in Figure 24. The borewells tapping
basaltic aquifer in the northern and southern part of the district to a depth of 100m have capacity to yield
discharge of the order of 6.2 to 14.6 litres per second (lps). In the southern part of the district, the yield
capacity of borewells is 1.2 to 3.8 lps.
24. Dewas district is mostly occupied with basaltic rocks except southern part of the district where
Vindhyan sandstones and Archean granites form aquifers. The open wells in granite rock aquifer yield
8lps of discharge on an average whereas Vindhyan sandstone aquifer yield upto 11lps. Basalts form
extensive aquifer system in the district in which large diameter open wells to a depth of 20m yield 3.5 to 9
lps and borewells to a depth of 200m yield 1 to 3 lps.
25. Basalts also form extensive aquifers in Ujjain district. The open wells to a depth of 20m in
weathered zone of basalt yield 1 to 2 lps. Borewells in the depth range of 50-200m yield between 1 and
20 lps, the average being 3.5 for drawdown ranging from 2.85-66m. The static water level in boreholes in
the district ranges from 7.14-49m. The groundwater maps of districts of Kishpra basin are given in Figure
25 and Figure 26.
C. Groundwater Levels and Trends
26. Groundwater observation wells Kshipra sub-basin are shown in Figure 27. The mean water level
for the year 1980 and 2009 for the Dewas, Indore and Ujjian districts in Kishpra basin are given in Table 5
below for long-term comparison. It may be observed that in the pre-monsoon average water level in
general, there is severe decline, however in post monsoon there is not much change. Mean water levels
in Kshipra sub-basin are shown in Table 5, with trends iin Table 6 below:
Sl No District
Table 5: Mean Groundwater Levels in Kshipra sub-basin
Mean GW Depth (m bgl)
May-80 Nov-80 May-09 Nov-09
1 Dewas 8.72 6.2 15.64 4.63
2 Indore 7.84 5.37 16.65 6.49
3 Ujjain 7.32 2.65 12.14 7.64
27. The Pre and post monsoon groundwater levels and their trends in three districts of Dewas, Indore
and Ujjain falling in Kshipra sub-basin are given in the table below. The pre and post monsoon depth to