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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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The Fifth Freedom<br />

soon to be disabused of <strong>the</strong>ir illusions.<br />

It was not <strong>the</strong> first time, nor <strong>the</strong> last. Truman Doctr<strong>in</strong>e rhetoric <strong>in</strong><br />

1947 about support<strong>in</strong>g “free peoples who are resist<strong>in</strong>g attempted<br />

subjugation by armed m<strong>in</strong>orities or by outside pressures” concealed<br />

plans for counter<strong>in</strong>surgency <strong>in</strong> Greece, soon implemented, which led to<br />

unspeakable carnage and terror. Meanwhile perennial presidential<br />

adviser Clark Clifford happily observed that <strong>the</strong> Doctr<strong>in</strong>e served as “<strong>the</strong><br />

open<strong>in</strong>g gun <strong>in</strong> a campaign to br<strong>in</strong>g people up to [<strong>the</strong>] realization that<br />

<strong>the</strong> war isn’t over by any means,” sett<strong>in</strong>g off a new era of domestic<br />

militarism and <strong><strong>in</strong>tervention</strong> abroad <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> context of Cold War<br />

confrontation. 4 The true mean<strong>in</strong>g of Jimmy Carter’s soulful devotion to<br />

human rights would be learned by hundreds of thousands of victims of<br />

torture, starvation, or outright slaughter <strong>in</strong> El Salvador, Timor, Laos, and<br />

elsewhere. John F. Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress, launched with great<br />

fanfare out of fear that <strong>the</strong> Cuban model might <strong>in</strong>spire o<strong>the</strong>rs to pursue<br />

<strong>the</strong> same course, was aga<strong>in</strong> a rhetorical triumph. Its real world impact<br />

for 1960-1965 was summarized by <strong>the</strong> editor of Inter-American<br />

Economic Affairs: 5<br />

Dur<strong>in</strong>g that period <strong>the</strong> distribution of <strong>in</strong>come became even more<br />

unsatisfactory as <strong>the</strong> gap between <strong>the</strong> rich and poor widened<br />

appreciably. Dur<strong>in</strong>g most of <strong>the</strong> period a very heavy proportion of<br />

<strong>the</strong> disbursements went to military regimes which had overthrown<br />

constitutional governments, and at <strong>the</strong> end of <strong>the</strong> period, with<br />

almost half of <strong>the</strong> population under military rule, a significant<br />

portion of <strong>the</strong> aid was go<strong>in</strong>g not to assist “free men and free<br />

governments” [<strong>in</strong> Alliance rhetoric] but ra<strong>the</strong>r to hold <strong>in</strong> power<br />

regimes to which <strong>the</strong> people had lost <strong>the</strong>ir freedom.<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

76

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