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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Free World Vignettes<br />

negotiations” between Duarte and <strong>the</strong> guerrillas—Duarte’s noble and<br />

courageous “peace <strong>in</strong>itiative,” as <strong>the</strong> press described it, referr<strong>in</strong>g to<br />

Duarte’s acceptance of longstand<strong>in</strong>g guerrilla proposals, which he <strong>the</strong>n<br />

refused to pursue fur<strong>the</strong>r. 58<br />

Americas Watch reports that <strong>the</strong> testimonies <strong>the</strong>y reproduce ‘‘were<br />

not selected because <strong>the</strong> events <strong>the</strong>y describe were more or less<br />

horrify<strong>in</strong>g than those described <strong>in</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r testimony,” presented <strong>in</strong><br />

extensive detail <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> monthly reports of <strong>the</strong> Church Human Rights<br />

office Tutela Legal but ignored by <strong>the</strong> media. “Ra<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>the</strong>y are<br />

representative of what is endured constantly by Salvadoran civilians <strong>in</strong><br />

conflict zones and guerrilla controlled zones.<br />

The Americas Watch report correctly warns that refugee testimony<br />

must be critically evaluated. In fact, on <strong>the</strong> rare occasions when US<br />

journalists <strong>in</strong>vestigate massacre reports, <strong>the</strong>y are cautious and<br />

scrupulous <strong>in</strong> present<strong>in</strong>g and evaluat<strong>in</strong>g testimony—for example, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

September <strong>in</strong>vestigation by James LeMoyne of <strong>the</strong> July 1984 massacre<br />

at Los Llanitos, 59 carried out by <strong>the</strong> US-tra<strong>in</strong>ed elite Atlacatl battalion,<br />

who killed 68 people accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> on-<strong>the</strong>-spot <strong>in</strong>vestigation of Tutela<br />

Legal a few days after <strong>the</strong> massacre, most of <strong>the</strong>m women, old people<br />

and children; <strong>the</strong> bodies were <strong>the</strong>n burned with gasol<strong>in</strong>e brought <strong>in</strong> by<br />

helicopter.<br />

LeMoyne writes that “<strong>the</strong> villagers’ account has not been confirmed,<br />

and it may be colored by <strong>the</strong>ir sympathies for <strong>the</strong> guerrillas.” What<br />

would count as “confirmation” he does not say, and it is, of course, <strong>the</strong><br />

norm for reports of atrocities to come from <strong>the</strong> victims, who are not<br />

likely to be sympa<strong>the</strong>tic to <strong>the</strong> murderers of <strong>the</strong>ir families and friends.<br />

But to raise doubts on this score is permissible only <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> case of<br />

atrocities conducted by US client states, atrocities that are generally<br />

ignored or described with much skepticism and with <strong>the</strong> US role<br />

po<strong>in</strong>tedly omitted, as <strong>in</strong> this case. The need for care is regularly<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

45

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