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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Notes<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

414<br />

17, 1985); Coll<strong>in</strong>s, What Difference Could a Revolution Make; Booth,<br />

The End and <strong>the</strong> Beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g (Westview, 1985); UCLA historian E.<br />

Bradford Burns, In These Times, Jan. 25, 1984.<br />

97. Karen Remmer, <strong>in</strong> Black, Lat<strong>in</strong> America. See also, among o<strong>the</strong>rs,<br />

Halper<strong>in</strong>, Lawless State; Hersh, Price of Power.<br />

98. Council on Hemispheric Affairs, April 2, 1985; also June 26, 1983; Jan<br />

Black <strong>in</strong> Black, Lat<strong>in</strong> America; Tom Farer, “Human Rights and Human<br />

Welfare <strong>in</strong> Lat<strong>in</strong> America,” Daedalus (Fall, 1983).<br />

99. Denis Warner, The Last Confucian (Macmillan, 1963), 312.<br />

Chapter 3<br />

1. See chapter 2, note 78.<br />

2. Congressional Record, Senate, 1649, Jan. 14, 1927, cited by Philip<br />

Brenner, <strong>in</strong> Ralph Miliband, John Saville and Marcel Liebman, Socialist<br />

Register 1984: The Uses of Anti-Communism (Merl<strong>in</strong>, 1984); Langley,<br />

Banana Wars, 186.<br />

3. Karl Meyer suggests that <strong>the</strong> source may be a John Birch society<br />

fabrication; NYT, Oct. 8, 1985. The <strong>in</strong>cident aroused little comment, <strong>the</strong><br />

assumption apparently be<strong>in</strong>g that random lies are normal and acceptable<br />

on <strong>the</strong> part of <strong>the</strong> political leadership. Fabrication of quotes is an<br />

Adm<strong>in</strong>istration specialty; for example, repeated attribution to <strong>the</strong><br />

Sand<strong>in</strong>istas of <strong>the</strong> phrase “revolution without frontiers” by <strong>the</strong> President<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>rs, with much outrage; <strong>the</strong>y later conceded that this and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

“quotations” have no source (NYT, March 30, 1985, also cit<strong>in</strong>g ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />

example of such fakery, <strong>the</strong> use by Vice-President Bush of a Nicaraguan<br />

postage stamp with a picture of Karl Marx to prove that <strong>the</strong> Sand<strong>in</strong>istas<br />

are sett<strong>in</strong>g up a Marxist state; o<strong>the</strong>r stamps, he failed to mention, feature<br />

George Wash<strong>in</strong>gton and Pope John Paul II). Though <strong>the</strong> fabrication has<br />

long been exposed as lack<strong>in</strong>g any source, it cont<strong>in</strong>ues to be used by<br />

apologists for US atrocities, e.g., by Moore, who cites it <strong>in</strong> quotes,<br />

repeatedly (“Tripp<strong>in</strong>g through Wonderland”); yet ano<strong>the</strong>r example of<br />

“conservative scholarship.” Note that <strong>the</strong> offend<strong>in</strong>g phrase, even if it<br />

existed, would be quite <strong>in</strong>nocuous, just as if <strong>the</strong> leaders of <strong>the</strong> American

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