Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

Notes
Classics in Politics: Turning the Tide Noam Chomsky
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13. Report of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, Henry
Kissinger, chairman, Jan. 10, 1984.
14. JCS 1769/1, April 29, 1947; FRUS, 1947, I; reprinted in part in Etzold
and Gaddis, Containment, 71-83. The quoted comment speaks “from
the military point of view,” which includes “ideological warfare.”
15. See Shoup and Minter, Imperial Brain Trust, 136, 175-6; William A.
Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (Delta, 1962).
16. LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions, 107, 96.
17. Speech in April 1961, cited by John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of
Containment (Oxford, 1982), 208.
18. Walt Rostow, The United States in the World Arena (Harper & Row,
1960), 244; John King Fairbank, American Historical Review, Feb.
1969). For specific details on the intelligence and scholarly record, see
my For Reasons of State (Pantheon, 1973), chapter I.V; TNCW.
19. See For Reasons of State, and on the postwar period, references of note
64, below.
20. Barry Blechman and Stephen Kaplan, Force Without War (Brookings
Institution, 1978), 51.
21. Connell-Smith, Inter-American System, 161f.
22. Louis Wiznitzer, CSM, May 14, 1985; Alexander Cockburn, Nation,
March 23, 1985.
23. “Nicaragua Bishop Says U.S. Embargo Hurts,” NYT, May 25,1985;
“Opposition in Nicaragua Says It Is Weakened by the U.S. Embargo,”
NYT, May 10, 1985; also Stephen Kinzer, NYT, May 12, 1985 and
Business Week, May 13, 1985, noting local business opposition and
adverse effects on local businessmen and growers.
24. James Austin, BG, June 16, 1985. On US financing of La Prensa, see
below. The embargo was “categorically condemned” by the Latin
American countries; Le Monde, May 17, 1985.
25. Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey Schott, Economic Sanctions
Reconsidered (Institute for International Economics, 1985), 672, a book
dedicated to Secretary of State George Shultz; CSM, May 16, 1985.
26. Richard Immerman, The CIA in Guatemala (U. of Texas, 1982), 184-5,