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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Patterns of Intervention<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

248<br />

This study suggests a plausible explanation for <strong>the</strong> correlation<br />

between US support and human rights violations. The guid<strong>in</strong>g concern<br />

of US foreign policy is <strong>the</strong> climate for US bus<strong>in</strong>ess operations, a fact<br />

well-supported <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> historical and documentary record and easily<br />

expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> terms of <strong>the</strong> domestic <strong>in</strong>stitutional basis for foreign policy<br />

plann<strong>in</strong>g. But <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third World, improvement <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestment<br />

climate is regularly achieved by destruction of popular organizations,<br />

torture of labor and peasant organizers, kill<strong>in</strong>g of priests engaged <strong>in</strong><br />

social reforms, and general mass murder and repression: “it is <strong>the</strong><br />

function of state terrorism to keep popular participation down, to limit<br />

services to <strong>the</strong> lower classes, and to freeze <strong>the</strong> structures that have<br />

generated” a situation of deprivation for <strong>the</strong> lower <strong>in</strong>come classes. 190<br />

Investigation of such topics is hardly a priority for American social<br />

science; <strong>in</strong> fact, such elementary questions as <strong>the</strong> relation of<br />

corporations to formation of foreign policy have been under a virtual<br />

taboo <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> literature on <strong>in</strong>ternational relations and US foreign policy, 191<br />

and <strong>the</strong> questions just reviewed have not exactly been on <strong>the</strong> agenda<br />

though <strong>the</strong>y seem ra<strong>the</strong>r significant. It would, however, be no surprise to<br />

discover that <strong>the</strong> results of <strong>the</strong>se few studies hold up to more extensive<br />

<strong>in</strong>quiry and that <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>the</strong>y suggest proves to be valid over a large<br />

range.<br />

What about “<strong>the</strong> rais<strong>in</strong>g of <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g standards”? In Lat<strong>in</strong> America,<br />

<strong>the</strong>re has been economic growth, accompanied by widespread, often<br />

<strong>in</strong>creased suffer<strong>in</strong>g for a very large part of <strong>the</strong> population. Consider<br />

Brazil, <strong>the</strong> most important of <strong>the</strong> Lat<strong>in</strong> American countries, where <strong>the</strong><br />

civilian government was overthrown by a US-backed coup <strong>in</strong> 1964 <strong>in</strong><br />

what Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs L<strong>in</strong>coln<br />

Gordon called “<strong>the</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle most decisive victory of freedom <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> midtwentieth<br />

century,” <strong>in</strong>stitut<strong>in</strong>g a murderous military dictatorship that<br />

Gordon lauded as “totally democratic” and “<strong>the</strong> best government Brazil

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