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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Patterns of Intervention<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

247<br />

supported by o<strong>the</strong>r research. Michael Klare and Cynthia Arnson<br />

demonstrate that “U.S. firms and agencies are provid<strong>in</strong>g guns,<br />

equipment, tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, and technical support to <strong>the</strong> police and paramilitary<br />

forces most directly <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> torture, assass<strong>in</strong>ation, and abuse of<br />

civilian dissidents”; “Ra<strong>the</strong>r than sitt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> detached judgment over<br />

<strong>in</strong>cidents of abuse occurr<strong>in</strong>g elsewhere [as official rhetoric would have<br />

it], <strong>the</strong> United States stands at <strong>the</strong> supply end of a pipel<strong>in</strong>e of<br />

repressive technology that extends to many of <strong>the</strong> world’s most<br />

authoritarian regimes.” The US is <strong>the</strong> world’s lead<strong>in</strong>g supplier of police<br />

and prison hardware, <strong>the</strong> leader <strong>in</strong> “what can best be called <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong>ternational repression trade,” supply<strong>in</strong>g many of <strong>the</strong> worst human<br />

rights violators. 188<br />

But a correlation is not a <strong>the</strong>ory. An explanation is required. One<br />

possibility is that US governments have a positive hatred of human<br />

rights, but this seems implausible. More likely, human rights are simply<br />

irrelevant to policy formation, <strong>in</strong> accord with Kennan’s dictum, and we<br />

must search elsewhere for an explanation for <strong>the</strong> correlation between<br />

state terror and US aid.<br />

A study by Edward Herman suggests a plausible explanation. He too<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigated <strong>the</strong> relation between US aid and human rights, over a<br />

broader range and with somewhat different measures, consider<strong>in</strong>g<br />

changes <strong>in</strong> aid from <strong>the</strong> US and US-dom<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>in</strong>ternational lend<strong>in</strong>g<br />

agencies as <strong>the</strong> human rights climate changed. He found <strong>the</strong> same<br />

correlation: as <strong>the</strong> human rights climate deteriorates, US aid <strong>in</strong>creases.<br />

But he also carried out a second study, ask<strong>in</strong>g how US aid correlates<br />

with <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestment climate (tax and profit repatriation laws, government<br />

controls on wages and labor organizations). The conclusion is that “UScontrolled<br />

aid has been positively related to <strong>in</strong>vestment climate and<br />

<strong>in</strong>versely related to <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>tenance of a democratic order and human<br />

rights.” 189

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