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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Patterns of Intervention<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

211<br />

plausibly argues. 130 The regular Americas Watch reports yield <strong>the</strong> same<br />

conclusion, and <strong>the</strong> careful reader can discern it through <strong>the</strong> haze of<br />

press report<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

It should be stressed, however, that reference to US and o<strong>the</strong>r foreign<br />

mercenaries is mislead<strong>in</strong>g, s<strong>in</strong>ce even <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>digenous terrorists <strong>in</strong> Central<br />

America are essentially US mercenaries, much like <strong>the</strong> native forces<br />

used to hold down <strong>the</strong> domestic population by <strong>the</strong> British, French,<br />

Russians, South African whites, and o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> past, or <strong>the</strong> forces<br />

organized by <strong>the</strong> US <strong>in</strong> South Vietnam and Laos. The elite units that<br />

carry out successful massacres <strong>in</strong> El Salvador, mass murderers such as<br />

Ríos Montt (who studied at Fort Bragg <strong>in</strong> North Carol<strong>in</strong>a and served as<br />

director of studies for <strong>the</strong> Inter-American Defense College <strong>in</strong><br />

Wash<strong>in</strong>gton 131 ), and numerous o<strong>the</strong>r state terrorists <strong>in</strong> Lat<strong>in</strong> America and<br />

elsewhere receive <strong>the</strong>ir tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g from <strong>the</strong> United States, which also<br />

provides <strong>the</strong> means for <strong>the</strong>m to carry out <strong>the</strong> lessons <strong>the</strong>y have learned.<br />

The contra armies can hardly be called “guerrillas,” consider<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

orig<strong>in</strong> as mercenaries organized by <strong>the</strong> US and its proxies <strong>in</strong> Honduras<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir lavish support and equipment, comparable to <strong>the</strong> best-armed<br />

regular military forces <strong>in</strong> Central America. 132 They are surely <strong>the</strong> only<br />

“guerrillas” <strong>in</strong> history who compla<strong>in</strong> that <strong>the</strong>ir air force is <strong>in</strong>adequate, or<br />

that <strong>the</strong>y lost <strong>the</strong>ir only helicopter (<strong>the</strong> latter was Edén Pastora’s<br />

problem when his helicopter crashed 30 miles <strong>in</strong>side Costa Rica,<br />

followed by claims that he had disappeared with<strong>in</strong> Nicaragua; this was<br />

<strong>the</strong> event that elicited <strong>the</strong> comment from his bro<strong>the</strong>r, cited above).<br />

Regular commentary by <strong>the</strong>ir masters, some already cited, makes it<br />

clear that <strong>the</strong> contras are <strong>in</strong>capable of function<strong>in</strong>g without cont<strong>in</strong>ual<br />

direction. Their own leadership, as noted, recognizes that <strong>the</strong>y are <strong>the</strong><br />

creation of <strong>the</strong> US government, and its agents. Their actual leadership,<br />

apart from US <strong>in</strong>telligence, is overwhelm<strong>in</strong>gly drawn from Somoza’s<br />

National Guard, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> supreme FDN military commander and

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