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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Patterns of Intervention<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

208<br />

enjoy<strong>in</strong>g a fraction of <strong>the</strong> foreign support provided to Pastora, but<br />

never<strong>the</strong>less surviv<strong>in</strong>g with<strong>in</strong> El Salvador, where <strong>the</strong>y orig<strong>in</strong>ated and<br />

rema<strong>in</strong>. It is difficult to avoid <strong>the</strong> conclusion that <strong>the</strong> most popular figure<br />

among <strong>the</strong> contra leadership was unable to mobilize significant popular<br />

support with<strong>in</strong> Nicaragua.<br />

Pastora is praised across <strong>the</strong> political spectrum <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> US as <strong>the</strong><br />

au<strong>the</strong>ntic “freedom fighter” and “democrat” whom we must support. If<br />

his credentials are as solid as alleged, <strong>the</strong>n his fate stands as a fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />

<strong>in</strong>dictment of US policy, which is revealed as unable to tolerate a<br />

democratic alternative to <strong>the</strong> Somozist-led FDN. Whatever <strong>the</strong> truth of<br />

<strong>the</strong>se claims, <strong>the</strong>y have no bear<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> issue of US military aid for <strong>the</strong><br />

attacks launched from Pastora’s Costa Rican bases; it is not proposed<br />

that we support honest democrats <strong>in</strong> military attacks aga<strong>in</strong>st far more<br />

terrible governments.<br />

Though <strong>the</strong> issue is not strictly relevant here, it might be noted that<br />

<strong>the</strong> widespread acclaim for Pastora is difficult to assess because it has<br />

not been accompanied by an exposition of what he stands for. One<br />

exception is <strong>the</strong> “extensive statement” by Pastora published “with great<br />

pride” by <strong>the</strong> rightw<strong>in</strong>g Journal of Contemporary Studies, which<br />

describes it as, “To our knowledge, <strong>the</strong> first time this great Central<br />

American patriot’s outlook has been directly communicated, <strong>in</strong> detail, to<br />

our part of <strong>the</strong> hemisphere.” Here, Pastora expresses his will<strong>in</strong>gness to<br />

jo<strong>in</strong> with <strong>the</strong> FDN, but not as a subord<strong>in</strong>ate, and expresses his support<br />

for what he calls <strong>the</strong> “democratic opposition” with<strong>in</strong> Nicaragua, namely,<br />

<strong>the</strong> pro-contra journal La Prensa and COSEP, <strong>the</strong> Higher Council for<br />

Private Enterprise, represent<strong>in</strong>g bus<strong>in</strong>ess <strong>in</strong>terests. He criticizes <strong>the</strong><br />

Sand<strong>in</strong>istas for fail<strong>in</strong>g to understand <strong>the</strong> seriousness of warn<strong>in</strong>gs from<br />

Under-Secretary of State for Lat<strong>in</strong> American Affairs Thomas Enders—<br />

”<strong>the</strong> Empire was speak<strong>in</strong>g,” he observes, but <strong>the</strong> Sand<strong>in</strong>ista leadership<br />

did not appreciate <strong>the</strong> fact. He opposes <strong>the</strong> “Cubanization” of <strong>the</strong>

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