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Noam Chomsky - Turning the Tide U.S. intervention in

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Patterns of Intervention<br />

Classics <strong>in</strong> Politics: <strong>Turn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tide</strong> <strong>Noam</strong> <strong>Chomsky</strong><br />

175<br />

president, after hav<strong>in</strong>g been marg<strong>in</strong>alized for some time, and shortly<br />

after was arrested. Majano later described Duarte as “<strong>the</strong> military’s ally,<br />

who covers up human rights violations.” 63<br />

Duarte was also well aware of <strong>the</strong> measures undertaken under his<br />

auspices to overcome <strong>the</strong> popular support for <strong>the</strong> guerrillas: for example,<br />

<strong>the</strong> reconstitution and <strong>in</strong>corporation <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> civil defense forces of <strong>the</strong><br />

80,000-member terrorist organization ORDEN, which, as he had<br />

expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> 1977, employed “<strong>the</strong> method that was used dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

Nazi system to control <strong>the</strong> people directly.” 64 US officials surely<br />

understood <strong>the</strong> scale and character of <strong>the</strong> massacre <strong>the</strong>y were<br />

organiz<strong>in</strong>g, which has now been extensively documented by human<br />

rights groups, much to <strong>the</strong> distress of <strong>the</strong> US government, which has<br />

regularly attempted to underm<strong>in</strong>e such groups, and of Duarte, who has<br />

denied <strong>the</strong> existence of documented massacres and now refuses to<br />

accept reports by <strong>the</strong> Church human rights office because, he says,<br />

“<strong>the</strong>se people are permanently work<strong>in</strong>g under <strong>the</strong> direction of [those]<br />

try<strong>in</strong>g to help <strong>the</strong> subversives.” He also claimed that “we use <strong>the</strong> air<br />

force only to support ground troops under fire”; yet <strong>in</strong>discrim<strong>in</strong>ate air<br />

strikes aga<strong>in</strong>st civilians are documented <strong>in</strong> grim detail by human rights<br />

organizations. 65<br />

Moreover, it is not only <strong>the</strong> Church human rights office that is<br />

work<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>the</strong> “subversives,” accord<strong>in</strong>g to this darl<strong>in</strong>g of <strong>the</strong> American<br />

press. He also claimed that <strong>in</strong> 1979 and 1980, a “Marxist news<br />

structure” dom<strong>in</strong>ated US press coverage of El Salvador; this, it will be<br />

recalled, is <strong>the</strong> period when <strong>the</strong> atrocities committed by his government<br />

were virtually suppressed. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, Duarte expla<strong>in</strong>ed, David<br />

MacMichael, <strong>the</strong> former CIA analyst who publicly denied unsupported<br />

government claims about a weapons flow from Nicaragua to <strong>the</strong> El<br />

Salvador rebels, is “clearly a Marxist” (“<strong>the</strong>re are <strong>in</strong>filtrators<br />

everywhere”), as are many of <strong>the</strong> Mo<strong>the</strong>rs of <strong>the</strong> Disappeared. He also

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