Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Glossary - College of American ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

References Bain BJ, Clark DM, Lampert IA. Bone Marrow Pathology. 4th ed. London, England: Wiley-Blackwell Ltd; 2011. Cornbleet PJ. Clinical utility of the band count. Clin Lab Med. 2002;22(1):101–136. Discussion: Blood Cell Identification 1990 H1-B Survey. Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists; 1990. Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ. Laboratory diagnosis of filariasis. Clin Lab Med. 1991;11(4):977–1010. Foucar K. Bone Marrow Pathology. 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: ASCP Press; 2010. Fritsche TR, Selvarangan R. Medical parasitology. In: Henry JB, ed. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2007. Glassy EF, ed. Color Atlas of Hematology. Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists; 1998. Godwin JH, Stopeck A, Chang VT, et al. Mycobacteremia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991;95(3):369–375. Henry JB, ed. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2007. Horny HP, Sillaber C, Menke D, et al. Diagnostic value of immunostaining for tryptase in patients with mastocytosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998; 22(9):1132–1140. Kroft SH. Infectious diseases manifested in the peripheral blood. Clin Lab Med. 2002;22(1):253–277. Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, et al. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 7th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1999. Bone Marrow Cell Identification 800-323-4040 | 847-832-7000 Option 1 | cap.org 37
38 3 Urine Urinary Cells Erythrocyte Sediment Cell Identification Introduction to Urine Sediment The following descriptions of objects found in the urine are intended only as a guide to photomicrograph-based proficiency testing. More complete descriptions of the subject are available in standard atlases and textbooks, some of which are listed in the references to this section. In clinical practice it is recommended that all urine specimens with positive reagent strips for hemoglobin, protein, leukocyte esterase, or nitrite, and all turbid or abnormally colored urines be examined microscopically. The adjective broad may be attached to all of the specific casts described below. Broad casts are defined as being wider than twice the length of a renal tubular epithelial cell. While this is a nonspecific term, as renal tubular epithelial cells are not often found in the same field as the cast in question, it is a helpful reference standard to have in mind when evaluating casts. Broad casts are important as they are considered to originate in dilated, atrophic tubules and the term renal failure casts is often applied to them. Thus, it is possible to recognize broad granular casts, broad waxy casts, etc. They are important to identify and report as their presence suggests chronic renal disease. The photomicrographs presented in this Survey are typically unstained wet preparations, but split-screen photomicrographs may be used to demonstrate other techniques. Microscopic imaging includes bright-field, phase-contrast, and polarizing techniques. The use of polarized microscopy in the analysis of urine sediment is recommended. The procedure is easily and quickly performed and provides a ready means of distinguishing many birefringent crystals, oval fat bodies, and fibers from nonbirefringent casts and other structures. Under high power, unstained red blood cells in wet preparations appear as pale yellow-orange discs. They vary in size, but are usually about 7 to 8 μm in diameter. With dissolution of hemoglobin in old or hypotonic specimens, cells may appear as faint, colorless circles or “ghosts.” These ghost membranes are more defined with phase-contrast microscopy. Red blood cells may become crenated in hypertonic urine and appear as small, rough cells with irregular edges and surfaces. Smooth, shrunken, and crenated cells may all be seen in the same urine specimen. Surface crenations on erythrocytes may suggest the presence of granules and the cells may be confused with small granulocytes. Red blood cells may be confused with oil droplets or yeast cells. Oil droplets (mineral oil or vaginal creams) show a great variation in size and are usually highly refractile. Endogenous lipid droplets also vary in size. Yeast cells are oval to round, generally smaller than erythrocytes, nearly colorless, and often show budding. Small numbers of erythrocytes, less than three per high power field, may be found in the urine sediment of otherwise normal patients. Hematuria, or the presence College of American Pathologists 2012 Hematology, Clinical Microscopy, and Body Fluids Glossary
Page 1 and 2: Hematology and Clinical Microscopy
Page 3 and 4: 2 College of American Pathologists
Page 5 and 6: 4 Blood Cell Identification Eosinop
Page 7 and 8: 6 Blood Cell Identification 10% of
Page 9 and 10: 8 Blood Cell Identification primari
Page 11 and 12: 10 Blood Cell Identification is obs
Page 13 and 14: 12 Blood Cell Identification more f
Page 15 and 16: 14 Blood Cell Identification typica
Page 17 and 18: 16 Blood Cell Identification biopsy
Page 19 and 20: 18 Blood Cell Identification Macrop
Page 21 and 22: 20 Blood Cell Identification Blast
Page 23 and 24: 22 2 Bone Introduction Myeloid: Gra
Page 25 and 26: 24 Bone Marrow Cell Identification
Page 37: 36 Bone Marrow Cell Identification
Page 41 and 42: 40 Urine Sediment Cell Identificati
Page 49 and 50: 48 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Bo
Page 51 and 52: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Body
Page 59 and 60: 58 5 Clinical Vaginal Cells Microsc
Page 61 and 62: 60 Clinical Microscopy Miscellaneou
Page 63 and 64: 62 Clinical Microscopy Miscellaneou

Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Glossary - College of American ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?