Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Hyperbaric Chamber Information ...

Table 73 Patient criteria of included studies focusing on the use of HBOT in bladder cancer.
First Author and Year
of Publication
Cade 1978 114
Kirk 1976 115
Dische 1973 116
Plenk 1972 117
Patient Criteria
Patients with carcinoma of the bladder of any histological type and who were considered
suitable for radiotherapy; the primary tumour has not infiltrated the skin, rectal wall, or other
segment of the intestine (vaginal or uterine involvement was allowed if no fistulae were
present); and lymph node involvement was confined to the external iliac nodes.
Exclusions: impaired renal function (blood urea > 16.7 mmol per litre); inability to enter the
hyperbaric oxygen chamber (due to inability to lie flat, or a history of convulsions); unlikely or
unable to cooperate in pressurisation; unlikely or unable to complete follow-up; 75 years or
alder; total cystectomy or urinary diversion had been performed.
Patients under the age of 76 with histologically proven carcinoma of the bladder confined to
the pelvis. The patient would have no history of previous radiotherapy or surgery other than
cystostomy, transurethral resection, open diathermy, or partial cystectomy. Patients had to be
able to lie flat. Blood urea should be less than 16.7 mmol per litre.
Patients under the age of 76 with bladder cancer proven histologically; with tumours which
are potentially curable using radiotherapy; the primary tumour has not infiltrated the skin,
rectal wall, or other segment of the intestine (vaginal or uterine involvement was allowed if no
fistulae were present); lymph node invasion limited to the true pelvis;
Exclusions: inability to lie down in the chamber; diastolic blood pressure persistently greater
than 110 mm Hg; history of convulsions; blood urea greater than 16.7 mmol per litre; total
cystectomy or urinary diversion had been performed.
All patients with bladder cancer who were able to tolerate high pressure oxygen and who did
not have distant metastases at the time of initial evaluation.
Interventions examined
Intervention protocols were inadequately described (Table 74). Not all studies mentioned
the pressure at which subjects were exposed, 116 few gave the duration of exposure116,117 and none mentioned the frequency at which the therapy was applied.
Table 74 Therapeutic protocols used in intervention and comparison groups in included studies
focusing on the use of HBOT in bladder cancer.*
First Author and Year
of Publication
Cade 1978 114
Kirk 1976 115
Dische 1973 116
Plenk 1972 117
Intervention Group Comparison Group
n=118
Comparison therapy plus treatment in an
unstated chamber HBO device at 3 ATA.
n=14
Comparison therapy plus treatment in an
unstated chamber HBO device at 3 ATA.
n=28
Comparison therapy plus treatment in an
unstated chamber HBO device for 35 to 40
minutes.
n=19
Tumour dose of 400 rad in 12 fractions over 29
to 40 days. Treatment in a monoplace HBO
chamber with air about 2 ATA for 8-10
minutes.
* Abbreviations: ATA = atmosphere absolute, n = sample size
n=118
Maximum tissue dose from 3,600 to 6,000
rad with minimum tumour dose from
4,250 to 6,000 rad. Radiotherapy was
given in divided doses over 18 to 56 days.
n=13
Modal tumour dose of 6,000 rad in 24
fractions given over 5 weeks.
n=39
Therapy 1: minimum dose of 6,000 rad in
30 fractions over 42 days. Therapy 2:
minimum dose of 4,725 rad in 15 fractions
over 33 days.
n=21
Tumour dose of 6,000 rad in 4 to 5
fractions per week for 6 weeks.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 73