DIRECT REDUCTION OF FERROUS OXIDES TO FORM AN IRON ...

4. Conclusions
426
Ünal, H. İ., Turgut, E., Atapek, Ş. H.and Alkan, A.
Figure 3. %-reduction as a function of the reduction time and the ratio of Cfix / Fetotal.
In this study, reduction of ferrous oxide materials like mill scale and hematite as pellet was studied. Two distinct
tenhniques were used for the reduction. In the first stage of the study, a mixture consisting of mill scale, coal and
slag formers was tried to be reduced in a rotating furnace. The reduction was carried out using solid reductant as
coal and also hydrogen which was obtained from the combustion LNG. After reducing, the metallization was
clarified by phase analysis. In the second stage, hematite ore as pellet was reduced in a furnace. Its %-reduction
was evaluated as a function of the reduction time and the ratio of Cfix / Fetotal. The results can be given as follows;
(i) Reduction of mill scale could be achieved using solid plus gas reductants. EDS analysis displayed that higher
metallization (higher iron and lower oxygen contents) was obtained in the system having adequate coal plus
hydrogen concentration.
(ii) Reduction of hematite ore as pellet depended on the reduction time and ratio of Cfix / Fetotal. As the reduction
time in addition to the ratio of Cfix / Fetotal increased, %-reduction indicating the metallization increased.
5. References
[1] Bagatini M. C., Zymla V., Osorio E and Vilela A. C. F., Characterization and reduction behavior of mill scale,
ISIJ International, 51(7), 1072-1079, 2011.
[2] Benchiheub O., Mechachti S., Serrai S. and Khalifa M. G., Elaboration of iron powfer from mill scale, Journal
of Materials Environmental Science, 1(4), 267-276, 2010.
[3] Mazurov E. F., Gnuchev S. M., Skripchuk S., Markin A. A. and Lyalin E. S., Sponge iron as a charge material,
Metallurgist, 8(11), 602-604, 1964.
[4] Selan M., Lehrhofer J., Friedrich K., Kordesch K. and Simader G., Sponge iron : economic, ecological,
technical and process-specific aspects, Journal of Power Sources, 61(1-2), 247-253, 1996.
[5] Leshchenko I. P., Tereshchenko V. T., Martynov O. V., Trakhimovich V. I. and Borzenkov D. V., The use of
sponge iron in steel smelting, Metallurgist, 17(7), 491-494, 1973.
[6] Turgut E., Doğrudan redüksiyon ile sünger demir üretimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Fen
Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği Bölümü Ana Bilim Dalı, Kocaeli, 2010.
[7] German R. M., Powder metallurgy science, II. Edition., MPIF, Princeton, New Jersey, 1994.
[8] Prasad, A. K., Prasad R. K. And Khanam S., An investigation for generation of energy conservation
measures fro sponge iron plants using process integration principles, IJRRAS, 6(1), 77-88, 2011.
[9] Martín M. I., López F. A., Rabanal M. E. and Torralba J. M., Obtainment of sponge iron by reduction of a
steelmaking by-product, I. Spanish National Conference on Advances in Materials Recycling and Eco-
Energy, Proceedings, 107-110, Madrid-Spain, 12-13 November 2009.
[10] Çamcı L., Aydın S. and Arslan C., Recution of Iron oxides in solid wastes generated by steelworks, Turkish
Journal of Engineering & Enviromental Sciences, 26, 37-44, 2002.
[11] Wagner D., Devisme O., Patisson F. and Ablitzer D., A laboratory study of the reduction of iron oxides by
hydrogen, Sohn International Symposium, Proceedings, Vol. 2, 111-120, San Diego-USA, 27-31 August,
2006.
[12]Baliarsingh S. K and Mishra B., Kinetics of iron ore reduction by coal and charcoal, Thesis, National Institute
of Technology, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, India, 2008.
[13]Aguilar J. A. and Gomez I., Microwaves applied to carbothermic reduction of iron ore pellets, International
Microwave Power Institute, 32(2), 67-73, 1997.