Mammalian digestive tracts
Mammalian digestive tracts Mammalian digestive tracts
Bottom-up effects (proportional changes) Classic “trophic pyramid” model: add resources at the bottom, get positively correlated changes up the trophic chain Top-down effects (trophic cascades) Change in one level (say, top predator) results in changes at next lower level in opposite direction, with effects cascading down the trophic chain
Kelp forests are rich, diverse marine habitats. Sea urchins graze on algae, including kelp. Sea otters eat a variety of molluscs, including sea urchins. No sea otters, urchins increase and devastate kelp... leave a marine desert. Sea otters present, keep urchin numbers down, and kelp forest thrives. Killer whales eat otters, kelp declines!
- Page 1 and 2: Mammalian digestive tracts Mouth: m
- Page 3 and 4: Problem: most E in leaves/grass not
- Page 5 and 6: 3 basic patterns: Carnivores/insect
- Page 7 and 8: Advantages of microbial fermentatio
- Page 9 and 10: Hindgut fermenters process food abo
- Page 11 and 12: Mammals are not just passive compon
- Page 13 and 14: Thus, competitive advantage of pere
- Page 15 and 16: • Exclosures for 40+ yrs • Sele
- Page 17: Could note lots of other studies sh
- Page 21: OK, didn’t quite finish this one
Bottom-up effects (proportional changes)<br />
Classic “trophic pyramid” model: add resources at the<br />
bottom, get positively correlated changes up the trophic<br />
chain<br />
Top-down effects (trophic cascades)<br />
Change in one level (say, top predator) results in<br />
changes at next lower level in opposite direction, with<br />
effects cascading down the trophic chain
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