A study case on coffee (Coffea arabica): Limu Coffe - IRD

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ecological or commercial environment. While much of global coffee production consists of mainstream type coffees, there are many other coffees, often of limited availability, with greatly varying taste characteristics that appeal to different groups of consumers, and which sell at a premium over mainstream coffees. Simply put, where the producers or exporters of such a coffee and such a group of consumers get together, a niche market is created (ITC/UNCTAD/WTO, 2002). The licenses’ organization system changes within the August 2008 coffee proclamation amputated this specialty market from its suppliers, mainly out growers. Out growers owned akhrabies’ and exporters’ licenses, and processing plants (pulperies/hulleries). They collected coffee from defined groups of producers working as service cooperatives, even more rigorously, and then processed it. They brought this coffee to auctions where they bought it to then export it. It was possible to buy coffee lots you provided. By this way out growers ensured the specialty market, sometimes promoting it through organic or fair trade strategies, which total amount reached 8,000 tonnes per year in Ethiopia before the new coffee proclamation. Before the 2008 coffee proclamation, one ex-out grower told me that he used to export selected coffees to Intelligentsia (an important specialty market American company). He didn’t own any plant but made contracts with 1 500 farmers representing 200 ha certified by BCS Okö German organic certifying company. He shared 20% of his profits with farmers and Intelligentsia 60%. “Since the new coffee law has been applied you need to own coffee trees to export, at least 30 ha” told me this ex-out grower. But to get the exporters’ license, now called certificate of competence, you have to own (or rent) processing plants according to export standards. That’s why the three competence certificates (producer, supplier and exporter) are now needed to do export. Out growers who didn’t have any producer’s license had to stop and to choose only one activity: supplier or exporter. Another solution was to invest in land, this explaining the new investors’ boom. Even if the latter hasn’t been lead by specialty marketers but by new coffee arrived (trip organizators, beer suppliers, etc… foreign investors and especially Ethiopian diaspora investors). But the easiest and more adequate solution for out growers was to create PLC considered as producing units allowed to export in which ones farmers bring their coffee and ex-out growers their processing plants. Anyway the main 87
eaction of these frustrated actors has been to choose one of the two ways: akhrabie or exporter giving up the other one. The bulk of them now acts on the mainstream coffee market exporting Sidamo 2, Yirgacheffe 2, etc. they bought to the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange. Some chose to keep on processing with a supplier competence certificate as the ex-out grower I met. But he plans to ‘pass from down to up” exchanging his akhrabie’s competence certificate for an exporter’s competence certificate. This example illustrates how specialty market is getting melt in a global Ethiopian quality market where accuracy disappeared and coffee bags are stocked at random piled according to their region of production. Specialty market disappeared with the possibility to purchase exact coffee bags at auction even if global traceability improved. 6.1.3) A global Ethiopian coffee quality through the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange Authority establishment Quality according to origin could be distinguished into a small-scale quality ensured by special marketers and a large-scale quality ensured by the new auction system. Currently the national coffee strategy lays on the second one at the expense of the first. Now let see how this global quality is built: The woreda quarantine place, Limu Genet Before coffee goes out from the woreda to travel to Addis Abeba, chagn, cooperatives and investors have to bring it to the Woreda MoARD Liquoring unit/quality control, or local CLU, locally called quarantine place or Bufata qorannoo fi Galma Bunaa 81 in Limu Kosa. Trucks bring the coffee. Using two spears, three kg are taken for 120 bags. These three kg are put on a table, mixed by hand then divided in four parts. Two handfuls of each part are laid in a balance totally weighting 300 g. After, coffee defects are separated according to defects categories 82 . Once isolated, defects proportions are evaluated using a test tube (that’s why the word “grading” is also used to qualify quality system and operations). The defects proportion a truck is carrying is then estimated, and mustn’t exceed 6 to 7%. Moisture content is measured on the arrival day. At this woreda level, only unwashed coffee is tested whereas 81 Oromic name. 82 Refer Annex Defects. 88
Page 1 and 2:
A study ca
Page 3 and 4:
Several names In the 14 th and 15 t
Page 5 and 6:
eighteen improved cultivars/varieti
Page 7 and 8:
Greens to sun drying Floaters to su
Page 9 and 10:
1.3) Quality seen by the value chai
Page 11 and 12:
Producers A thirty-seven-years-old
Page 13 and 14:
Purpose Cooperative Union 14 are re
Page 15 and 16:
Step 1: Collection of different cof
Page 17 and 18:
Region Sidamo Limu Gimbi Harar Yirg
Page 19 and 20:
- About Ethiopian Limu Wild Grown (
Page 21 and 22:
Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided i
Page 23 and 24:
After opposition defeated the DERG
Page 25:
27 Yembaro Dhidesa Limu-2 Jima-4/5
Page 28 and 29:
3.2) Limu Kosa climate and physical
Page 30 and 31:
forests 25 , and man made forests a
Page 32 and 33:
Botanical name 3.3.2) Vernacular na
Page 34 and 35:
Eucalyptus Key bahir zaf Red river
Page 36 and 37:
The kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea was a
Page 38 and 39: virgin forests of which the local i
Page 40 and 41: that they were the property of Hail
Page 42 and 43: 4.1.3) Small-holder or garden coffe
Page 44 and 45: English Amharic Oromic Home garden
Page 46 and 47: 300 members. The average production
Page 48 and 49: 4.3) Land property rules 4.3.1) Agr
Page 50 and 51: field) committee which is a measure
Page 52 and 53: Consequently eviction was rare and
Page 54 and 55: socialist government in military di
Page 56 and 57: whereas poorer households difficult
Page 58 and 59: Kebele Average farm area 45 (ha) Av
Page 60 and 61: What do coffee plots mean in the Li
Page 62 and 63: A third remark could be the existin
Page 64 and 65: phenomenon linking friends and neig
Page 66 and 67: Coffee can also be used in other ce
Page 68 and 69: tona and baraka. In this myth, char
Page 70 and 71: I kindly request you to make sure t
Page 72 and 73: It is probable that coffee plant or
Page 74 and 75: et, groceries, dwellers), all coffe
Page 76: Akhrabies (suppliers & wholesalers)
Page 79 and 80: an Harar 4 an Harar 4, etc. but as
Page 81 and 82: Investors are new comers in the Eth
Page 83 and 84: Sebsabies Their role was to bring c
Page 85 and 86: Cooperative Unions Cooperative unio
Page 87: chief executive Eleni Guebre Madhin
Page 91 and 92: The arrival coffee test, Addis Abeb
Page 93 and 94: Unwashed coffees Type/Name Origin S
Page 95 and 96: Cup quality value Cup cleanness (15
Page 97 and 98: The Ethiopian Commodity Exchange Au
Page 99 and 100: Then coffee for export gets commonl
Page 101 and 102: as explained me a French importer:
Page 103 and 104: Each coffee producing woreda presen
Page 105 and 106: Limu Kosa coffee production & marke
Page 107 and 108: Name of sector Kind of coffee Coope
Page 109 and 110: - Non organic substances are not al
Page 111 and 112: Limu coffee is particularly good be
Page 113 and 114: Area under coffee plantation Mature
Page 115 and 116: 6.3) A current and coming decentral
Page 117 and 118: The Ethiopia Commodity Exchange Aut
Page 119 and 120: 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 December 2
Page 121 and 122: 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Dece
Page 123 and 124: Farmer 2: He produced three bags in
Page 125 and 126: the not picked on time and therefor
Page 127 and 128: 7) Assessment of the product as a G
Page 129 and 130: 1. To be eligible to use a PDO or a
Page 131 and 132: 7.1.6) Differences between GIs and
Page 133 and 134: een difficult. Indeed, certificatio
Page 135 and 136: “Merits are that GIs allow collec
Page 137 and 138: Akhrabies represent a homogeneous c
Page 139 and 140:
Illustration 55: Debacon forest 3)
Page 141 and 142:
“In respect of the geographical i
Page 143 and 144:
The average productivity is 700 kg
Page 145 and 146:
Illustrations table Table 1: Limu c
Page 147 and 148:
Illustration 34: Daily labourers in
Page 149 and 150:
Bibliography STELLMACHER, T., 2007:
Page 151 and 152:
Annexes Home Garden Project pre <st
Page 153 and 154:
Justification: The institutional co
Page 155 and 156:
Commercial and economic aspects Des
Page 157 and 158:
L Limu Seka coffee production & mar
Page 159 and 160:
Activities 1 NURSERY OPERATION Mont
Page 161 and 162:
Activities Months July Aug Sept Oct
Page 163 and 164:
Proclamation no. 602/2008: A procla
Page 165 and 166:
22) “Coffee trade” means acts i
Page 167 and 168:
4) ensure, before loading coffee fo
Page 169 and 170:
1) purchase the coffee for such pur
Page 171 and 172:
Sources of income 1 Coffee Chat Cof
Page 173 and 174:
WHEREAS, Licensor owns all right, t
Page 175 and 176:
3. OWNERSHIP OF MARKS Licensee ackn
Page 177 and 178:
9. INDEMNIFICATION Licensee shall i
Page 179 and 180:
trustees, receivers, successors or
Page 181 and 182:
SCHEDULE A MARK COUNTRY APP. NO. FI
Page 183 and 184:
MARK COUNTRY SIDAMO in Japanese Jap
Page 185 and 186:
SCHEDULE C All notices and other co
Page 187:
Buna bet: Literally “coffee bar
show all

A study case on coffee (Coffea arabica): Limu Coffe - IRD

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?