A study case on coffee (Coffea arabica): Limu Coffe - IRD

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4.3) Land property rules 4.3.1) Agro-forest possessions Even if forests are often considered as common or collective property and have been owned by the regional governments since 1974, previous institutional framework and traditional management systems that used to define access and use rights are still implicitly working and they are tolerated in most areas (Stellmacher, 2005). As a consequence, forests are divided among the households living in the area. Individual plots are managed by households, individually (as in Kalloo forest) or in groups (as in Dino forest market group). Products are harvested by householders that hold right over the plot but these rights are more or less exclusive. High value products as coffee tend to be appropriated on a more exclusive basis by specific people. From three modalities of access to forest, two come from the past: - Exclusive usufruct: only one person has access to the concerned plot. All resources can be used without restriction: spice and coffee, wood and cutting trees. Access to this plot is regularised by the tenant for life. Often he enlarges the access to his family, neighbours. But a stranger penetrating without permission is considered as a thief (Avril, 2008). - Partial usufruct: governmental forests non distributed are used by farmers who have fields just next to the forest. Owners of these fields have an officious right for utilisation. They can gather coffee, spices, wood but they can not cut trees (Avril, 2008). As an example, Dino forest situated in Sunxxu farmers’ association shelters a twenty hectares semi-forest coffee plot which is divided among twenty five smallholders. They constitute the Dino market group, member of the Limu Inara Farmers Multi-Purpose Cooperative Union 29 . And as a member of this market group, the Sunxxu kebele chairman owns one hectare. Farmers own their trees, even if there is no boundary or any kind of delimitation between those. These trees were planted during Haile Selassie regime, fifty years before and are probably Malo or Orome varieties. 29 Refer 6.2.2) The Limu Inara Multi-purpose Cooperative Union, an initiatives’ leader? 47
Illustration 23: Dino forest semi-forest trees (Bossolasco, 26 th August 2009) - This situation gets complicated by the coming of new coffee actors, the investors, who obtain their land in usufruct from the regional government (Oromic regional government). The government encourages the plantation in forest by giving large lands of forest to investors for a limited time and with conditions. Investors can manage the forest for 40 years. These lands were before used by partial usufruct but were considered wrong managed (Avril, 2008). But sometimes investors obtain their land from smallholders too. It is forbidden to send land, but illegal agreements exist between investors purchasing land to peasants as told me a Jima investment office worker with who I visited some investors’ land in Debacon forest (Limu Kosa woreda, Caffee Ilfata and Gallee Jimaatee kebeles) to adjust the boundaries with an another investor. As it occurred in this forest, violent conflicts happen between investors. 4.3.2) Home garden property The government policy is that each farmer has to be certified on his land, even if land remains an Ethiopian property. Land certificate provides usufruct lands to farmers. Peasants want it, are very interested: “The land is mine”. The land certificate makes them care more about the management. Through this land certification the government aim is to catch taxes, fixing populations by the way. Before certification, farmers didn’t feel that the land was theirs. During DERG regime, little farmers inherit lands from state but where afraid because state could take it for public associations or other redistributions. The certificate makes farmers plant coffee trees. The property on land gives them safety about the holding of the land, and so of perennial crops such as coffee, if they keep on paying taxes. To pay these taxes, they have to generate incomes, to intensify their production. That’s why certification incites farmers to well manage their crops. Each farmers’ association has its own land (or 48
Page 1 and 2: A study ca
Page 3 and 4: Several names In the 14 th and 15 t
Page 5 and 6: eighteen improved cultivars/varieti
Page 7 and 8: Greens to sun drying Floaters to su
Page 9 and 10: 1.3) Quality seen by the value chai
Page 11 and 12: Producers A thirty-seven-years-old
Page 13 and 14: Purpose Cooperative Union 14 are re
Page 15 and 16: Step 1: Collection of different cof
Page 17 and 18: Region Sidamo Limu Gimbi Harar Yirg
Page 19 and 20: - About Ethiopian Limu Wild Grown (
Page 21 and 22: Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided i
Page 23 and 24: After opposition defeated the DERG
Page 25: 27 Yembaro Dhidesa Limu-2 Jima-4/5
Page 28 and 29: 3.2) Limu Kosa climate and physical
Page 30 and 31: forests 25 , and man made forests a
Page 32 and 33: Botanical name 3.3.2) Vernacular na
Page 34 and 35: Eucalyptus Key bahir zaf Red river
Page 36 and 37: The kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea was a
Page 38 and 39: virgin forests of which the local i
Page 40 and 41: that they were the property of Hail
Page 42 and 43: 4.1.3) Small-holder or garden coffe
Page 44 and 45: English Amharic Oromic Home garden
Page 46 and 47: 300 members. The average production
Page 50 and 51: field) committee which is a measure
Page 52 and 53: Consequently eviction was rare and
Page 54 and 55: socialist government in military di
Page 56 and 57: whereas poorer households difficult
Page 58 and 59: Kebele Average farm area 45 (ha) Av
Page 60 and 61: What do coffee plots mean in the Li
Page 62 and 63: A third remark could be the existin
Page 64 and 65: phenomenon linking friends and neig
Page 66 and 67: Coffee can also be used in other ce
Page 68 and 69: tona and baraka. In this myth, char
Page 70 and 71: I kindly request you to make sure t
Page 72 and 73: It is probable that coffee plant or
Page 74 and 75: et, groceries, dwellers), all coffe
Page 76: Akhrabies (suppliers & wholesalers)
Page 79 and 80: an Harar 4 an Harar 4, etc. but as
Page 81 and 82: Investors are new comers in the Eth
Page 83 and 84: Sebsabies Their role was to bring c
Page 85 and 86: Cooperative Unions Cooperative unio
Page 87 and 88: chief executive Eleni Guebre Madhin
Page 89 and 90: eaction of these frustrated actors
Page 91 and 92: The arrival coffee test, Addis Abeb
Page 93 and 94: Unwashed coffees Type/Name Origin S
Page 95 and 96: Cup quality value Cup cleanness (15
Page 97 and 98: The Ethiopian Commodity Exchange Au
Page 99 and 100:
Then coffee for export gets commonl
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as explained me a French importer:
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Each coffee producing woreda presen
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Limu Kosa coffee production & marke
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Name of sector Kind of coffee Coope
Page 109 and 110:
- Non organic substances are not al
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Limu coffee is particularly good be
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Area under coffee plantation Mature
Page 115 and 116:
6.3) A current and coming decentral
Page 117 and 118:
The Ethiopia Commodity Exchange Aut
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40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 December 2
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3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Dece
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Farmer 2: He produced three bags in
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the not picked on time and therefor
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7) Assessment of the product as a G
Page 129 and 130:
1. To be eligible to use a PDO or a
Page 131 and 132:
7.1.6) Differences between GIs and
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een difficult. Indeed, certificatio
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“Merits are that GIs allow collec
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Akhrabies represent a homogeneous c
Page 139 and 140:
Illustration 55: Debacon forest 3)
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“In respect of the geographical i
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The average productivity is 700 kg
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Illustrations table Table 1: Limu c
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Illustration 34: Daily labourers in
Page 149 and 150:
Bibliography STELLMACHER, T., 2007:
Page 151 and 152:
Annexes Home Garden Project pre <st
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Justification: The institutional co
Page 155 and 156:
Commercial and economic aspects Des
Page 157 and 158:
L Limu Seka coffee production & mar
Page 159 and 160:
Activities 1 NURSERY OPERATION Mont
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Activities Months July Aug Sept Oct
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Proclamation no. 602/2008: A procla
Page 165 and 166:
22) “Coffee trade” means acts i
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4) ensure, before loading coffee fo
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1) purchase the coffee for such pur
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Sources of income 1 Coffee Chat Cof
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WHEREAS, Licensor owns all right, t
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3. OWNERSHIP OF MARKS Licensee ackn
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9. INDEMNIFICATION Licensee shall i
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trustees, receivers, successors or
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SCHEDULE A MARK COUNTRY APP. NO. FI
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MARK COUNTRY SIDAMO in Japanese Jap
Page 185 and 186:
SCHEDULE C All notices and other co
Page 187:
Buna bet: Literally “coffee bar
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A study case on coffee (Coffea arabica): Limu Coffe - IRD

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